Symptoms and Clinical Presentation of Liver Disease and Portal HTN

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with cirrhosis have been widely adopted as a standard treatment approach since the early 1990s. Multiple...

What is Acute on Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF)? Efforts to determine what constitutes “acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF)” have been ongoing in the literature since the early 2000s , when...

Background, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology Portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PMVT) is a frequently-observed finding in patients with cirrhosis. The most common type of PMVT is portal vein...

Procedural Risk Several classifications of bleeding risk associated with invasive procedures have been proposed. High risk procedures like major surgeries, interventional endoscopic procedures...

Frailty is a prevalent complication of end-stage liver disease and is characterized by decreased physiologic reserve and increased vulnerability to health stressors. The concept of frailty matters in...

Contrast-enhanced image of an acute portal vein thrombosis in a patient without cirrhosis. The asterisk denotes an area of heterogeneous enhancement due to altered perfusion and the arrow outlines the...

Ascites is a common complication of cirrhosis secondary to hemodynamic changes that cause systemic and splenic vasodilation as result of increased nitric oxide. The presence of ascites is associated...

Learning objectives In this Back to Basics series, the learner will be able to : Explain the role of ammonia in physiological changes in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) Formulate a diagnostic approach for...