Presenters review recent advances in our understanding of sexual dimorphism in the liver and its contribution to liver growth, metabolism, and disease. The concepts covered by the thought leaders and content experts include the effect of sex hormones on hepatocyte proliferation and sex-specific differences in metabolic demands. They also cover concepts of sexually dimorphic responses in specific chronic pathologies including MASLD and HCC. Sex as a biological variable is often overlooked, which can result in delayed or inappropriate treatment. However, because the liver responds differently in males and females, this important variable needs to be considered both in experimental design and interpretation.