This seminar will review the key events leading to the discovery of the hepatitis B virus, the global public health impact HBV has had on human health, the development of an effective vaccine to prevent transmission that has reduced incident infection in endemic regions and state of current elimination efforts. The seminar will also cover the history of the development of therapy for HBV and effectiveness of current therapy to prevent complications of chronic HBV infection. Finally, new therapies in development for a cure for chronic HBV infection will be reviewed.