Discovery and validation of urinary metabotypes for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in West Africans
Nimzing G. Ladep, Anthony C. Dona, Matthew R. Lewis, Mary M.E. Crossey, Maud Lemoine, Edith Okeke, Yusuke Shimakawa, Mary Duguru, Harr F. Njai, Haddy K.S. Fye, Makie Taal, John Chetwood, Ben Kasstan, Shahid A. Khan, Deborah A. Garside, Anisha Wijeyesekera, Andrew V. Thillainayagam, Edmund Banwat, Mark R. Thursz, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Ramou Njie, Elaine Holmes, Simon D. Taylor‐Robinson – 13 June 2014 – There is no clinically applicable biomarker for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), because the sensitivity of serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is too low for this purpose.