Akimasa Nakao, Shigemi Taki, Motoshi Yasui, Yasunori Kimura, Toshiaki Nonami, Akio Harada, Hiroshi Takagi – 1 May 1994 – The elimination of endotoxin from the blood was studied in rats with D‐galactosamine–induced liver failure and in normal controls after intravenous injection of various doses of endotoxin. Endotoxin was found to localize in liver tissue by immunohistochemical staining with factor C, which is derived from amebocyte lysate of the horseshoe crab and which reacts specifically with endotoxin.

John M. Cullen, David W. Linzey, Douglas H. Gebhard – 1 May 1994 – Flow cytometric analysis of the ploidy of normal and neoplastic hepatocyte nuclei obtained from adult woodchucks, a model of human hepadnavirus‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma, was performed. All 36 samples of nuclei from non‐neoplastic liver from woodchuck hepatitis virus–infected or uninfected liver were diploid, indicating that age‐related nuclear polyploidization does not occur in this species, unlike other rodents.

Yoshiyata Takahashi, Hiromitsu Kumada, Masaru Shimizu, Kyuichi Tanikawa, Ryukichi Kumashiro, Masao Omata, Toshiki Ehata, Takao Tsuji, Minoru Ukida, Mitsuru Yasunaga, Kiwamu Okita, Shunichi Sato, Toshihiko Takeuchi, Katsuhiko Tsukada, Hiroshi Obata, Etsuko Hashimoto, Yasuyuki Ohta, Kouji Tada, Yoshitane Kosaka, Koujiro Takase, Makoto Yoshiba, Kazuhiko Sekiyama, Takashi Kano, Yasuhiro Mizoguchi – 1 May 1994 – To determine the risk of death at an early stage of fulminant viral hepatitis, we created severity indexes drawn from clinical data on the day of development of encephalopathy in 128 pat

Detlef Jakschies, Reinhardt Zachoval, Rainer Müller, Michael Manns, Klaus‐Ulrich Nolte, Heinz‐Kurt Hochkeppel, Michel‐Andre Horisberger, Helmuth Deicher, Peter Von Wussow – 1 April 1994 – The human MxA protein is a new specific marker for type I interferon activity both in vitro and in vivo.

1 April 1994

Maurizio D'Aquino, Lucio Michieletto, Diego Tempesta, Corrado Pipan – 1 April 1994

Hervé Bejanin, André Choury, Jacques Fritsch, Catherine Buffet, René Baumann – 1 April 1994

William N. Katkov – 1 April 1994 – To compare octreotide with injection sclerotherapy in the treatment of acute variceal hemorrhage, patients admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding and oesophageal varices confirmed by endoscopy were randomised to receive either emergency sclerotherapy with 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate or octreotide (50 μg intravenous bolus plus 50 μg per hr intravenous infusion for 48 hr). At the end of the study period (48 hr), the octreotide group also had sclerotherapy to obliterate the varices.

Shoji Kubo, Tom Rodriguez, Mark S. Roh, Caroline Oyedeji, Marvin M. Romsdahl, Kenji Nishioka – 1 April 1994 – Tuftsin (Thr‐Lys‐Pro‐Arg) is a natural immunomodulating peptide. We have investigated for the presence of a specific tuftsin receptor on murine Kupffer cells using fluorescein‐labeled tuftsin, which retains full biological activity. After incubation with fluorescein‐labeled tuftsin, Kupffer cells displayed clear binding of this compound on the plasma membrane. Excess tuftsin inhibited this binding, indicating the presence of specific tuftsin receptors on the Kupffer cells.

Ling Chen, Gerard J. Davis, David W. Crabb, Lawrence Lumeng – 1 April 1994 – Many hepatocyte‐specific genes are expressed heterogeneously in the liver lobule depending on the location of the hepatocytes in relation to the inflow or outflow of portal blood (i.e., periportal or perivenous). For example, albumin is expressed in all hepatocytes but more so in the periportal zone, cytochrome P‐450IIE1 is exclusively expressed in the perivenous zone and glutamine synthetase is limited to one or two cell layers next to the terminal hepatic venule.