Doris Schneller, Georg Machat, Alexandra Sousek, Verena Proell, Franziska van Zijl, Gudrun Zulehner, Heidemarie Huber, Markus Mair, Markus K. Muellner, Sebastian M.B. Nijman, Robert Eferl, Richard Moriggl, Wolfgang Mikulits – 30 March 2011 – Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is activated in a variety of malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Activation of Ras occurs frequently at advanced stages of HCC by aberrant signaling through growth factor receptors or inactivation of effectors negatively regulating Ras signaling.

Danijela Petrovic, Zania Stamataki, Eugene Dempsey, Lucy Golden‐Mason, Michael Freeley, Derek Doherty, David Prichard, Catherine Keogh, Jennifer Conroy, Siobhan Mitchell, Yuri Volkov, Jane A. McKeating, Cliona O'Farrelly, Dermot Kelleher, Aideen Long – 30 March 2011 – T cell activation and the resultant production of interleukin (IL‐2) is a central response of the adaptive immune system to pathogens, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV uses several mechanisms to evade both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response.

Keiichi Fujiwara, Shin Yasui, Osamu Yokosuka – 30 March 2011

Gonzalo Sapisochin, Nicholas Fidelman, John P. Roberts, Francis Y. Yao – 24 March 2011 – Mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (HCC‐CC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (I‐CC) are increasingly being reported in patients with cirrhosis.

Stefano Ballestri, Amedeo Lonardo, Paola Loria – 24 March 2011

Jin‐Kyu Park, Kyu‐Shik Jeong – 24 March 2011

Charles Balabaud – 24 March 2011

René Adam, Eric Vibert, Jean‐Charles Duclos‐Vallee, Didier Samuel – 24 March 2011

Giuseppina Basta, Teresa Navarra, Paolo De Simone, Serena Del Turco, Amalia Gastaldelli, Franco Filipponi – 24 March 2011 – Multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, including the liver. Interactions with its ligands lead to cellular activation and thus prolonged inflammation and apoptosis.

Umberto Baccarani, Vittorio Cherchi, Anna Rossetto, Dario Lorenzin, Gian Luigi Adani – 24 March 2011