Nanette von Oppen, Anna Schurich, Silke Hegenbarth, Dirk Stabenow, Rene Tolba, Ralf Weiskirchen, Albert Geerts, Waldemar Kolanus, Percy Knolle, Linda Diehl – 27 April 2009 – Peripheral CD8 T‐cell tolerance can be generated outside lymphatic tissue in the liver, but the course of events leading to tolerogenic interaction of hepatic cell populations with circulating T‐cells remain largely undefined.

Wei‐Chih Tsai, Paul Wei‐Che Hsu, Tsung‐Ching Lai, Gar‐Yang Chau, Ching‐Wen Lin, Chun‐Ming Chen, Chien‐Der Lin, Yu‐Lun Liao, Jui‐Ling Wang, Yat‐Pang Chau, Ming‐Ta Hsu, Michael Hsiao, Hsien‐Da Huang, Ann‐Ping Tsou – 27 April 2009 – MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are inhibitors of gene expression, participate in diverse biological functions and in carcinogenesis. In this study, we show that liver‐specific microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) is significantly down‐regulated in liver cancers with intrahepatic metastastasis and negatively regulates tumorigenesis.

Virginia Leiro Fernández, Alberto Fernández‐Villar, Rafael Vázquez Gallardo, Diana Valverde Pérez – 27 April 2009

M. Isabel Lucena, Carmen Martínez, Raúl J. Andrade, Elena García‐Martín, Eugenia Ulzurrun, José A. G. Agúndez – 27 April 2009

Yousri M. Barri, Edmund Q. Sanchez, Linda W. Jennings, Larry B. Melton, Steven Hays, Marlon F. Levy, Goran B. Klintmalm – 27 April 2009 – The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported to vary between 17% and 95% post–orthotopic liver transplantation. This variability may be related to the absence of a uniform definition of AKI in this setting. The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of AKI that is associated with long‐term adverse outcome.

Harel Dahari, Scott J. Cotler, Thomas J. Layden, Alan S. Perelson – 27 April 2009

Xing‐Xiang Wang, Ze‐Zhou Song – 27 April 2009

Jules L. Dienstag – 27 April 2009 – Five oral agents have been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, ranging in virological potency, clinical efficacy, barrier to resistance, and side‐effect profile. The degree of histological, biochemical, and serological improvement with therapy generally corresponds to the degree of suppression of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA achieved with therapy. Conversely, for agents with a low barrier to resistance, the profundity of HBV DNA suppression in individual patients correlates inversely with the likelihood of resistance.

Agustin Castiella, Eva Zapata, Pedro Otazua – 27 April 2009

Jay H. Hoofnagle – 27 April 2009 – Reactivation of hepatitis B refers to the abrupt increase in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in a patient with inactive or resolved hepatitis B. Reactivation can occur spontaneously, but more typically is triggered by immunosuppressive therapy of cancer, autoimmune disease, or organ transplantation. Reactivation can be transient and clinically silent, but often causes a flare of disease that can be severe resulting in acute hepatic failure.