Targeting transforming growth factor (TGF)‐βRI inhibits activation of β1 integrin and blocks vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
Emilia Fransvea, Antonio Mazzocca, Salvatore Antonaci, Gianluigi Giannelli – 24 February 2009 – Vascular invasion is one of the major negative prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leading to cancer recurrence. To invade, HCC cells must penetrate the vessel wall, consisting of endothelial cells and extracellular matrix components, including fibronectin and fibrinogen. Employing invasive and noninvasive HCC cells, we studied the mechanism underlying vascular invasion.