George Ostapowicz, Katrina J. Watson, Stephen A. Locarnini, Paul V. Desmond – 30 December 2003 – In patients with chronic hepatitis C, alcohol consumption has been proposed as a risk factor for the progression of liver disease; however, evidence for this remains conflicting. Two hundred thirty‐four anti–hepatitis C virus (HCV)–positive patients who had a liver biopsy performed within the past 24 months were studied. Demographic data and information on risk factors were recorded. A detailed lifetime alcohol consumption history was obtained.

Diana M. Toivola, M. Bishr Omary, Nam‐on Ku, Olli Peltola, Hélène Baribault, John E. Eriksson – 30 December 2003 – The function and regulation of keratin 8 (K8) and 18 (K18), intermediate filament (IF) proteins of the liver, are not fully understood. We employed the liver damage induced by microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR), a liver‐specific inhibitor of type‐1 and type‐2A protein phosphatases, in normal and in keratin assembly–incompetent mouse strains as a model to elucidate the roles of IF phosphorylation in situ.

Anne Fournillier, Isao Nakano, Ludmila Vitvitski, Erik Depla, Olivier Vidalin, Geert Maertens, Christian Trépo, Genevieve Inchauspé – 30 December 2003 – Different delivery routes of plasmid DNA may result in the induction of differential humoral and cellular immunity. We have studied the influence of two main routes of plasmid injection, performed intramuscularly and intraepidermally using a gene gun, for the induction of immune responses specific to hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope protein E2.

Michael F. McEntee, Kathy N. Wright, Ian Wanless, Robert DeNovo, John F. Schneider, Robert Shull – 30 December 2003 – Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is an uncommon hepatic lesion often associated with noncirrhotic portal hypertension (PHT). We have noted that NRH and PHT are frequent occurrences in a colony of dogs with the genetic storage disease, mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS‐I). This observation provides the opportunity to study the histology and pathogenesis of NRH and noncirrhotic PHT in a new animal model.

Kim Swenson, Philip Seu, Milan Kinkhabwala, Melinda Maggard, Paul Martin, John Goss, Ronald Busuttil – 30 December 2003 – Polycystic liver disease, commonly associated with polycystic kidney disease, can result in massive hepatomegaly and debilitating symptoms. Surgical intervention for symptomatic polycystic liver disease has been associated with significant morbidity and inconsistent long‐term palliation; it is more appropriate in patients with a single dominant cyst or cysts which is/are confined to one lobe.

Junya Kobayashi, Izumi Takeyoshi, Susumu Ohwada, Kotaro Iwanami, Koshi Matsumoto, Minoru Muramoto, Yasuo Morishita – 30 December 2003 – Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are cytokines commonly associated with inflammatory conditions such as hepatic injury after ischemia‐reperfusion. FR167653 has been characterized as a potent suppressant of IL‐1β and TNF‐α production. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FR167653 in an extended liver resection with ischemia in a dog model.

Vincent Agnello, György Ábel, Glenn B. Knight, Elizabeth Muchmore – 30 December 2003 – The controversial question of the extent of hepatocyte infection in chronic hepatitis C was re‐examined in both chimpanzees and humans using a newly modified in situ hybridization (ISH) method for detecting hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. The specificity of the methodology for distinguishing positive‐ and negative‐strand synthetic HCV RNA was at least six magnitudes greater than the reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay for HCV.

W. Michael McDonnell – 30 December 2003

30 December 2003

Jiezhong Chen, Graham Robertson, Jacqueline Field, Christopher Liddle, Geoffrey C. Farrell – 30 December 2003 – Gender differences in hepatic sex steroid and drug metabolism result from hormonal regulation of specific cytochrome P450 genes (CYP). In male rats, bile duct ligation (BDL) is associated with down‐regulation of the male‐specific genes, CYP2C11 and CYP3A2, together with a decrease in serum testosterone levels and a two‐ to threefold increase in serum estradiol concentrations.