Xiang‐Dong Wang, Chun Liu, Jayong Chung, Felix Stickel, Helmut K. Seitz, Robert M. Russell – 30 December 2003 – Chronic ethanol intake may interfere with retinoid signal transduction by inhibiting retinoic acid synthesis and by enhancing activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) (c‐Jun and c‐Fos) expression, thereby contributing to malignant transformation. To determine the effect of ethanol on hepatic retinoid levels, retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and AP‐1 (c‐Jun and c‐Fos) gene expression, chronic ethanol (36% of total calorie intake) pair‐feeding was conducted on rats for a 1‐month period.

Dipok Kumar Dhar, Akira Yamanoi, Haruyuki Ohmori, Yuichi Nakashima, Akitaka Yamamoto, N. El‐Assal Osama, Hirofumi Kubota, Hitoshi Kohno, Naofumi Nagasue – 30 December 2003 – ET receptor blocker (TAK‐044) and NO donor (FK409) were used to improve the hepatic microcirculation following ischemia‐reperfusion injury. In the first experiment (60 minutes of ischemia), 15 dogs were divided into three groups: group A (control), saline; group B, TAK 5 mg/kg; and group C, FK 0.4 mg/kg.

Juan‐José Lasarte, Marta García‐Granero, Ascensión López, Noelia Casares, Nicolás García, María‐Pilar Civeira, Francisco Borrás‐Cuesta, Jesús Prieto – 30 December 2003 – To investigate the involvement of T‐cell response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens in viral clearance after interferon therapy, we measured interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) production by peripheral mononuclear cells in response to HCV core in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Ginny L. Bumgardner, Jiashun Li, Marie Heininger, Charles G. Orosz – 30 December 2003 – Adhesion molecules appear to play important roles in vascularized organ allograft rejection, because antibodies directed against them are effective in prolonging survival of vascularized organ allografts in rodents. However, the efficacy of these agents for cellular allografts is unknown. The current studies were undertaken to determine the role of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) on host immune responses to purified hepatocytes.

Philippe Roingeard, Camille Sureau – 30 December 2003 – The intracellular accumulation of empty hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles of filamentous shape leads to a direct cytopathic effect in so‐called ground‐glass hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate how these filaments can be structurally formed at the cellular level. By electron microscopy, we reexamined the HBV‐producer HepG2T‐14 cells, which have been described as producing a substantial amount of empty HBV filaments compared with the other forms of HBV particles.

Kunio Okuda, Masayoshi Kage, Santosh M. Shrestha – 30 December 2003 – Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS) was initially defined as a symptomatic occlusion of the hepatic veins, but subsequent reports on various obliterative changes that occur in the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic vein orifices have resulted in a broadened and ambiguous definition. Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava has been regarded by many as a congenital vascular malformation, but its relation to the classical BCS has remained obscure.

Gennaro D'Amico, Flavia Politi, Alberto Morabito, Adele D'Antoni, Daniela Guerrera, Gandolfo Giannuoli, Mario Traina, Giovanni Vizzini, Linda Pasta, Luigi Pagliaro – 30 December 2003 – β‐Blockers and sclerotherapy prevent long‐term upper digestive rebleeding in cirrhosis but they seem ineffective for early rebleeding. We compared octreotide with a placebo for the prevention of early rebleeding in cirrhotic patients.

Ying‐hua Tian, Chifumi Fukuda, Martin K. Schilling – 30 December 2003 – Intracellular‐type electrolyte solutions were introduced into organ preservation to prevent K+ efflux and Na+ and Cl− influx into cells and cell swelling during cold ischemia. We studied cation accumulation in the interstitial space by microdialysis, during rat liver cold storage and after flush‐out with high‐K+ and low‐K+ solutions.

Nikolaos Arkadopoulos, Helene Lilja, Kyung Suk Suh, Achilles A. Demetriou, Jacek Rozga – 30 December 2003 – To examine whether hepatocytes transplanted in the spleen can function as an ectopic liver, we performed hepatocyte transplantation in rats that were rendered anhepatic. Total hepatectomy was performed by using a novel single‐stage technique. Following hepatectomy, Group 1 rats (n = 16) were monitored until death to determine survival time without prior intervention.

William M. Lee, K. Rajender Reddy, Myron J. Tong, Martin Black, Dirk J. van Leeuwen, F. Blaine Hollinger, Kevin D. Mullen, Neville Pimstone, Donald Albert, Sheila Gardner – 30 December 2003 – In previous studies employing interferons (IFNs) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, there have been few reliable predictors of sustained responses.