Susanne Keiding, Eva Engsted, Peter Ott – 30 December 2003 – The objective of this study was to evaluate whole‐body removal kinetics of sorbitol, the use of extrarenal sorbitol clearance to estimate hepatic plasma flow in humans, and to compare measurements of liver flow by Fick's principle using either indocyanine green (ICG) or sorbitol. A sorbitol bolus (5 mmol/kg) was given intravenously to 6 controls for determination of sorbitol elimination capacity (SEC)and distribution volume, Vdsorb. Sorbitol infusion (287 μmol/min) was given to 17 liver patients and 11 controls.

Iain H. McKillop, C. Max Schmidt, Paul A. Cahill, James V. Sitzmann – 30 December 2003 – Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G‐proteins) represent an important transmembrane pathway whereby extra‐cellular signals are transduced to intracellular signaling pathways. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade has been identified as a key factor in transducing numerous mitogenic stimuli. MAPK activity is regulated via numerous receptor types, including those linked to Gq/G11‐proteins, which regulate phospholipase‐C activity.

Jens Otto Clemmesen, Alexander L. Gerbes, Veit Gülberg, Bent Adel Hansen, Fin Stolze Larsen, Claus Skak, Niels Tygstrup, Peter Ott – 30 December 2003 – Liver failure represents a major therapeutic challenge, and yet basic pathophysiological questions about hepatic perfusion and oxygenation in this condition have been poorly investigated. In this study, hepatic blood flow (HBF) and splanchnic oxygen delivery (DO2,sp ) and oxygen consumption (VO2,sp) were assessed in patients with liver failure defined as hepatic encephalopathy grade II or more.

Niels Tygstrup, Bjarni Á. Steig, Jenneke A. Juijn, Laura N. Bull, Roderick H. Houwen – 30 December 2003 – Recurrent familial intrahepatic cholestasis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by episodes of severe pruritus and jaundice lasting for weeks to months without extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. Symptom‐free intervals may last for months to years, and chronic liver damage does not develop.

Julia H. Hayes, Carol J. Soroka, Laura Rios‐Velez, James L. Boyer – 30 December 2003 – In contrast to organic anions, substrates for the canalicular mdr1a and b are usually organic cations and are often sequestered in high concentrations in intracellular acidic compartments. Because many of these compounds are therapeutic agents, we investigated if their sequestration could be regulated. We used isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL), isolated rat hepatocyte couplets (IRHC), and WIF‐B cells to study the cellular localization and biliary excretion of the fluorescent cation, daunorubicin (DNR).

Satoshi Matsusaka, Tohru Tsujimura, Akihiro Toyosaka, Keiji Nakasho, Ayako Sugihara, Eizo Okamoto, Kunio Uematsu, Nobuyuki Terada – 30 December 2003 – Oval cells that develop in the rat 2‐acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy (AAF/PH) model express the c‐kit receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) and its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). We investigated the role of the SCF/KIT system in the development of oval cells usingWs/Ws rats, whose c‐kitkinase activity was severely impaired owing to a small deletion in the kinase domain.

Francesc‐Xavier López‐Labrador, Sergi Ampurdanès, Mireia Giménez‐Barcons, Magdalena Guilera, Josep Costa, María Teresa Jiménez de Anta, Jose M. Sánchez‐Tapias, Juan Rodés, Juan‐Carlos Sáiz – 30 December 2003 – In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the influence of the genetic heterogeneity of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the progression of liver disease and on the responsiveness to interferon therapy is a matter of controversy.

Jon S. Odorico,, M. Nawar Hakim, Yolanda T. Becker, Willem Van der Werf, Alexandru Musat, Stuart J. Knechtle, Anthony M. D'Alessandro, Munci Kalayoglu – 30 December 2003 – Experience with hepatic artery embolization for the treatment of symptomatic hepatic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in Rendu‐Osler‐Weber disease is limited. We report 2 cases of hepatic AVMs that caused mesenteric angina‐like symptoms that were treated with embolization.

Dahn L. Clemens, Andrew Forman, Thomas R. Jerrells, Michael F. Sorrell, Dean J. Tuma – 30 December 2003 – We have created a number of recombinant Hep G2 cell lines, designated VA cells, that constitutively express alcohol dehydrogenase. Oxidation of ethanol by the VA cells results in the production and accumulation of acetaldehyde, and a dramatic increase in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced (NADH)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) ratio (redox‐state).

Yutaka Yata, Philip Gotwals, Victor Koteliansky, Don C. Rockey – 30 December 2003 – Transforming growth factor (TGF) β isoforms (in particular, TGF‐β1) play a central role in the fibrogenic response to injury in many organs, including the liver. Although TGF‐β is clearly important in fibrogenesis, a number of issues related to therapeutic antagonism have emerged. For example, the long‐term effect of TGF‐β antagonism is unknown; furthermore, controversy exists as to appropriate levels of TGF‐β inhibition.