Harri A. Järveläinen, Che Fang, Magnus Ingelman‐Sundberg, Kai O. Lindros – 30 December 2003 – To better understand how gut‐derived endotoxins influence alcohol‐induced liver injury and the expression of inflammatory cytokines a new animal model was developed. After 2 weeks on a modified ethanol‐containing liquid diet, some rats also were infused with endotoxin via osmotic minipumps for 4 additional weeks. Ethanol diet alone increased plasma endotoxin threefold to 9.3 pg/mL. Endotoxin infusion increased the levels to 388 and 513 pg/mL in controls and ethanol‐fed animals, respectively.

Annarosa Floreani, Anna Baragiotta, Vincenzo Baldo, Tiziana Menegon, Fabio Farinati, Remo Naccarato – 30 December 2003 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rarely reported as a complication of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). However, data suggest that patients with PBC have an increased incidence of breast cancer when compared with the general population.

Jean‐François Colin, Dominique Cazals‐Hatem, Marie Anne Loriot, Michèle Martinot‐Peignoux, Bach Nga Pham, Anne Auperin, Claude Degott, Jean‐Pierre Benhamou, Serge Erlinger, Dominique Valla, Patrick Marcellin – 30 December 2003 – The aim of this study was to assess the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on chronic hepatitis B.

Claude Degott, Elie Serge Zafrani, Patrice Callard, Beverley Balkau, Renée Eug Poupon, Raoul Poupon – 30 December 2003 – The semiquantitative histopathological analysis of the liver biopsies obtained before and after 4 years of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy in a cohort of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients is reported. The relationships between elementary histological lesions before treatment and their progression under therapy were assessed.

Ke‐Qin Hu, Myron J. Tong – 30 December 2003 – It is well known that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may progress to cirrhosis and is linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies have shown that compensated HCV‐cirrhosis is related to a certain morbidity and mortality in European patients, but little is known in regard to the clinical outcomes of a similar group of patients in the United States.

Ansgar W. Lohse, Karl‐Hermann Meyer zum Büschenfelde, Beate Franz, Stephan Kanzler, Guido Gerken, Hans‐Peter Dienes – 30 December 2003 – Some patients with autoimmune liver disease present with a clinical and/or histological picture showing characteristic findings of both autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Various names, mostly overlap syndrome, have been used to describe these cases, which have thus far not been more closely characterized.

Claude R. Roland, Bashoo Naziruddin, T. Mohanakumar, M. Wayne Flye – 30 December 2003 – Hepatic Kupffer cells (KC), the major tissue macrophage population, produce the septic response mediators, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), and have been shown to internalize gadolinium chloride (GD), a rare earth metal of the lanthanide series.

Qiao‐yi Chen, Merrill J. Rowley, Ian R. Mackay – 30 December 2003 – Anti‐idiotypic antibodies may regulate the immune system and influence pathogenic autoimmunity. We investigated idiotype–anti‐idiotype interactions in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), normal subjects and animals immunized with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) or its derivatives. IgG autoantibody to the E2 subunit of PDC (PDC‐E2) was derived by affinity‐purification from sera of 12 patients with PBC, and F(ab)2 was prepared (anti–PDC‐E2‐F[ab]2).

Yae Kanai, Ai‐Min Hui, Lin Sun, Saori Ushijima, Michiie Sakamoto, Hitoshi Tsuda, Setsuo Hirohashi – 30 December 2003 – To examine the significance of aberrant DNA methylation in hepatocarcinogenesis, the DNA methylation status at the D17S5 locus and mRNA expression of a candidate tumor suppressor gene, HIC‐1(hypermethylated‐in‐cancer), which was identified at the D17S5 locus, in primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and their corresponding noncancerous liver tissues were assessed.

Nicolaos C. Tassopoulos, Riccardo Volpes, Giuseppe Pastore, Jenny Heathcote, Maria Buti, Robert D. Goldin, Sasha Hawley, Judy Barber, Lynn Condreay, D. Fraser Gray – 30 December 2003 – This placebo controlled, double‐blind study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative/hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA–positive chronic hepatitis B. Patients were randomized to receive 100 mg lamivudine orally once daily for 52 weeks (n = 60) or placebo for 26 weeks (n = 65). Patients who were HBV DNA positive at week 24 were withdrawn at week 26.