Effects of diosgenin, A plant‐derived steroid, on bile secretion and hepatocellular cholestasis induced by estrogens in the rat

Luigi Accatino, Margarita Pizarro, Nancy Solís, Cecilia S. Koenig – 30 December 2003 – Increased biliary secretion of cholesterol and lipid vesicles (unilamellae and multilamellae) induced by diosgenin (D), a plant‐derived steroid, has cytoprotective effects in the rat liver subjected to obstructive cholestasis.

The polarized hepatic human/rat hybrid WIF 12‐1 and WIF‐B cells communicate efficiently in vitro via connexin 32‐constituted gap junctions

Catherine Chaumontet, Giovanna Mazzoleni, Catherine Decaens, Valérie Bex, Doris Cassio, Paule Martel – 30 December 2003 – Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) plays an essential role in the control of growth, differentiation, and functions of different tissues. The expression of connexins (Cxs), the structural proteins of gap junctions, is developmentally regulated and tissue‐specific In vivo hepatocytes express Cx32 and Cx26. Most currently available in vitro hepatic cell systems express Cx43 instead of the expected Cxs.

Sero‐clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic carriers does not necessarily imply a good prognosis

Teh‐ia Huo, Jaw‐ching Wu, Pui‐ching Lee, Gar‐yang Chau, Wing‐yu Lui, Shyh‐haw Tsay, Ling‐tan Ting, Full‐young Chang, Shou‐dong Lee – 30 December 2003 – The incidence of delayed hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected patients was low. Previous studies regarding the prognosis in such patients were controversial. Among 1,355 chronic carriers from 1985 to 1997, spontaneous HBsAg clearance was observed in 55 patients.

Primary biliary cirrhosis–autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: Clinical features and response to therapy

Olivier Chazouillères, Dominique Wendum, Lawrence Serfaty, Sarah Montembault, Olivier Rosmorduc, Raoul Poupon – 30 December 2003 – The association of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is thought to be rare, and its optimal treatment is unknown. Of 130 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of PBC, we identified 12 cases (9.2%) of overlap syndrome (10 females, 2 males; median age, 50 years) strictly defined by the presence of at least two of the three recognized biochemical, serological, and histological criteria of each disease.

Sequential versus concomitant administration of ribavirin and interferon alfa‐n3 in patients with chronic hepatitis C not responding to interferon alone: Results of a randomized, controlled trial

Raffaello Sostegni, Valeria Ghisetti, Fabrizia Pittaluga, Giovanna Marchiaro, Giuseppe Rocca, Elisabetta Borghesio, Mario Rizzetto, Giorgio Saracco – 30 December 2003 – We conducted a three‐arm, randomized trial in 96 patients with chronic hepatitis C who did not respond to interferon alfa to compare treatments.

Cytokeratin expression is reduced in glycogenotic clear hepatocytes but increased in ground‐glass cells in chronic human and woodchuck hepadnaviral infection

Qin Su, Heide Zerban, Gerd Otto, Peter Bannasch – 30 December 2003 – Hepatocytes of normal adult liver express cytokeratins (CKs) 8/18, but bile duct cells additionally contain CK7/19. We have previously demonstrated the frequent occurrence of foci of altered hepatocytes in association with hepatic tumors in humans and provided evidence for a preneoplastic nature of the focal lesions. In this study, we investigated the CK expression in both the preneoplastic lesions and extrafocal parenchyma.

Endothelin 1 aggravates acute liver injury in perfused livers of rats after treatment with d ‐galactosamine

Masaru Iwai, Tadashige Yamauchi, Takashi Shimazu – 30 December 2003 – The effects of endothelin 1 (ET‐1) on hemodynamics and acute liver damage were studied using perfused livers of rats treated with d‐galactosamine. In control liver perfused in situ with constant pressure, infusion of ET‐1 into the portal vein at a concentration of 0.1 nmol/L decreased the flow rate without a significant leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or aspartate transaminase (AST) into the effluent.

Beneficial hemodynamic effects of bosentan, a mixed ETA and ETB receptor antagonist, in portal hypertensive rats

Philippe Sogni, Richard Moreau, Alexandra Gomola, Adrian Gadano, Stephane Cailmail, Yvon Calmus, Martine Clozel, Didier Lebrec – 30 December 2003 – In patients with cirrhosis, the plasma level of endothelin, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, is elevated, and endothelin plays a role in increased intrahepatic vascular resistance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of bosentan, a mixed ETA and ETB endothelin receptor antagonist in three models of portal hypertension.

Neuropeptide Y stimulates bile secretion via Y1 receptor in the left dorsal vagal complex in rats

Masashi Yoneda, Kimihide Nakamura, Shiro Yokohama, Keisuke Tamori, Yoichi Sato, Kazunobu Aso, Masaru Aoshima, Toru Kono, Isao Makino – 30 December 2003 – Neuropeptide Y (NPY) injected into the cerebrospinal fluid and the left dorsal vagal complex enhances bile acid–independent and bicarbonate‐dependent bile secretion through vagal muscarinic pathways in animal models. NPY binds to and activates six different receptor subtypes, and NPY Y1 and Y2 receptors are distributed in the dorsal vagal complex.

Detection of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis by positron emission tomography

Susanne Keiding, Søren B. Hansen, Henrik H Rasmussen, Antony Gee, Aksel Kruse, Klaus Roelsgaard, Ulrik Tage‐Jensen, Jens Frederik Dahlerup – 30 December 2003 – Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) predisposes to cholangiocarcinoma (CC), which usually is widespread in the liver at the time of the diagnosis and which has a median survival of approximately 6 months. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive scanning method that allows the assessment of metabolism in vivo by means of positron‐emitting radiolabeled tracers.

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