Yutaka Komatsu, Yasushi Shiratori, Tateo Kawase, Naoaki Hashimoto, Katsuken Han, Shuichiro Shiina, Masayuki Matsumura, Yasuro Niwa, Naoya Kato, Minoru Tada, Yusei Ikeda, Mitsugu Tanaka, Masao Omata – 1 December 1994 – To investigate the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in galactosamine‐induced hepatic injury, we injected rats intraperitoneally with antiserum against rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes to deplete circulating neutrophils, then administered galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide.

Allen D. Cooper, Wendy Y. Craig, Takahiro Taniguchi, Gregory T. Everson – 1 December 1994 – Bile salt uptake, synthesis and secretion by the human hepatoma—derived cell line HepG2 were studied. The cells transported and secreted bile salts largely by means of passive mechanisms. The cells synthesized and secreted the normal human primary bile salts. The ratio of cholate to chenodeoxycholate was 1.5:1. The degree of conjugation, about 35%, was lower than normal, and the glycine‐to‐taurine ratio was abnormal (4.5:1). This was not due to amino acid deficiency in the medium.

Massimo Colombo – 1 December 1994

Ariane Mallat, Anne‐Marie Preaux, Sylvie Blazejewski, Daniel Dhumeaux, Jean Rosenbaum, Philippe Mavier – 1 December 1994 – During hepatic fibrogenesis, Ito cells proliferate, acquire a myofibroblastlike phenotype and synthesize increased amounts of extracellular matrix components. In this study, we have assessed the effects of simvastatin, an inhibitor of hydroxy‐methylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase, on the growth of human myofibroblastlike Ito cells. Cells were grown from explants of normal human liver and characterized by a positive staining for desmin and smooth muscle α‐actin.

Kevin Mahaney, Valeria Tedeschi, Geert Maertens, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, John Vergalla, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Richard Sallie – 1 December 1994 – We examined hepatitis C virus genotypes in 98 American patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection by means of two methods; restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and line probe assay, which is based on type‐specific sequence variations in the 5′ untranslated region. Type 1 was present in 73 patients (74%), type 2 in 15 (15%), type 3 in 6 (6%) and type 4 in 1 (1%).

1 December 1994

Raymond S. Koff – 1 December 1994

Catherine M. St. George, James C. Russell, Eldon A. Shaffer – 1 December 1994 – Obesity, a known risk factor in cholesterol gallstone disease, is a favorable factor in the formation of bile supersaturated with cholesterol. Previous studies have been indirect and limited to human beings. To better define the hepatic secretory defect, we directly measured bile secretion and bile salt kinetics in a genetically obese rat.

Antoinette Lemoine, Daniel Azoulay, Ashley Dennison, Liliane Kiffel, Lydiane Pichard, Valérie Furlan, Thierry Bienvenu, Gilles Fredj, Brigitte Debuire, Patrick Maurel, Henri Bismuth, Philippe Beaune – 1 December 1994 – Many commonly used drugs are substrates for hepatic cytochrome P‐450 3A in human beings, and its role in the metabolism of potentially toxic immunosuppressants has been highlighted (cyclosporine, FK 506).

Jens H. Henriksen, Søren Møller, Flemming Bendtsen, Helmer Ring‐Larsen, K. Heine Stokholm, Jens Møgelvang, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Alexander L. Gerbes, Florence Wong, Peter Liu, Laurence Blendis – 1 December 1994