This session will explore the rapidly evolving landscape of acute liver failure (ALF), addressing both the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and cutting-edge approaches to liver support. Participants will gain insights into the immunological and metabolic contributors to ALF, including novel findings in pyroptosis and immune cell activation, as well as comorbid factors in drug-induced liver injury. The session will also highlight therapeutic innovations, including bioartificial liver systems, stem cell-derived hepatocyte technologies, and therapeutic plasma exchange. Through clinical trials and translational research, this session aims to bridge the gap between bench and bedside in the management of ALF.