Michael Lucey, Peter G. Traber – 1 January 1991 – These studies used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in clinical samples collected from patients with chronic liver disease or from blood donors. The relative role of this assay compared with detection of HCV antibodies in serum was evaluated. Weiner and colleagues found that 9 of 15 patients with non‐A, non‐B (NANB) chronic hepatitis and the only patient with cryptogenic cirrhosis had persistent antibodies to a nonstructural protein of HCV (C100‐3).

Guido Gerken, Patricia Paterlini, Michael Manns, Chantal Housset, Sylvie Terre, Hans‐Peter Dienes, Georg Hess, Wolfram H. Gerlich, Pierre Berthelot, Karl‐Hermann Meyer Zum Büschenfelde, Christian Brechot – 1 January 1991 – The polymerase chain reaction was evaluated as a diagnostic tool in 72 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detectable in the serum of HBsAg—positive virus carriers using aliquots as small as 100 al. The detection limit for cloned hepatitis B virus DNA was 100 ag.

Ineke Braakman, Jan Keij, Machiel J. Hardonk, Dirk K. F. Meijer, Geny M. M. Groothuis – 1 January 1991 – Periportal and perivenous hepatocytes are known to display various functional differences. In this study we present a new method to separate periportal and perivenous cells: after selectively loading zone 1 or zone 3 with the fluorescent label acridine orange in an antegrade or retrograde perfusion, respectively, we separated the isolated hepatocytes on a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter.

Ulrich Marti, Susan Jo Burwen, Alan Wells, Mary E. Barker, Sandra Huling, Anna M. Feren, Albert L.

Richard H. Moseley – 1 January 1991 – The effect of partial and complete dissipation of the membrane potential and partial depletion of cellular ATP content on the efflux of dinitrophenyl‐glutathione and oxidized glutathione was examined in hepatocytes isolated from normal and mutant (TR−) rats exhibiting defective organic anion transport.

Susan E. Davies, Bernard C. Portmann, John G. O′grady, Peter M. Aldis, Kanchan Chaggar, Graeme J. M. Alexander, Roger Williams – 1 January 1991 – Long‐term follow‐up of 27 patients with hepatitis B virus—related chronic liver disease treated by transplantation showed that 23 had hepatitis B virus recurrence. In 13 patients late changes in the grafts were similar to those described in other series: minor abnormalities in five cases, chronic active hepatitis in five cases and non‐hepatitis B virus—related graft dysfunction in three cases. Three patients had incomplete histological follow‐up.

Raymond S. Koff, Nancy Bach – 1 January 1991

Jane C. Caldwell‐Kenkel, Robert T. Currin, Yukio Tanaka, Ronald G. Thurman, John J. Lemasters – 1 January 1991 – Reperfusion injury characterized by loss of endothelial cell viability occurs after cold ischemic storage of livers for transplantation surgery. Here, ultrastructural changes in stored rat livers were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. With increasing times of storage in Euro‐Collins solution (4 to 24 hr) followed by 15 min of reperfusion at 37° C, a sequence of structural alterations was observed involving endothelial and Kupffer cells.

1 January 1991

Manuel Rodriguez, Ana Martinez, Pedro Sala, Sabino Riestra, Adolfo Suárez, Luis Rodrigo, Maria Buti – 1 January 1991