Pasireotide is more effective than octreotide in reducing hepatorenal cystogenesis in rodents with polycystic kidney and liver diseases

Tatyana V. Masyuk, Brynn N. Radtke, Angela J. Stroope, Jesús M. Banales, Sergio A. Gradilone, Bing Huang, Anatoliy I. Masyuk, Marie C. Hogan, Vicente E. Torres, Nicholas F. LaRusso – 21 November 2012 – In polycystic liver (PLD) and kidney (PKD) diseases, increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels trigger hepatorenal cystogenesis. A reduction of the elevated cAMP by targeting somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) with octreotide (OCT; a somatostatin analog that preferentially binds to SSTR2) inhibits cyst growth.

Incidence of death and potentially life‐threatening near‐miss events in living donor hepatic lobectomy: A world‐wide survey

Yee Lee Cheah, Mary Ann Simpson, James J. Pomposelli, Elizabeth A. Pomfret – 21 November 2012 – The incidence of morbidity and mortality after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is not well understood because reporting is not standardized and relies on single‐center reports. Aborted hepatectomies (AHs) and potentially life‐threatening near‐miss events (during which a donor's life may be in danger but after which there are no long‐term sequelae) are rarely reported. We conducted a worldwide survey of programs performing LDLT to determine the incidence of these events.

Inhibition of hedgehog signaling attenuates carcinogenesis in vitro and increases necrosis of cholangiocellular carcinoma

Mona El Khatib, Anna Kalnytska, Vindhya Palagani, Uta Kossatz, Michael P. Manns, Nisar P. Malek, Ludwig Wilkens, Ruben R. Plentz – 21 November 2012 – The Hedgehog signaling pathway plays a pivotal role during embryonic development, stem cell maintenance, and wound healing. Hedgehog signaling also is deregulated in many cancers. However, the role of this signaling pathway in the carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) is still unknown.

Farnesoid X receptor inhibits gankyrin in mouse livers and prevents development of liver cancer

Yanjun Jiang, Polina Iakova, Jingling Jin, Emily Sullivan, Vladislav Sharin, Il‐Hwa Hong, Sayee Anakk, Angela Mayor, Gretchen Darlington, Milton Finegold, David Moore, Nikolai A. Timchenko – 21 November 2012 – One of the early events in the development of liver cancer is a neutralization of tumor suppressor proteins Rb, p53, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α. The elimination of these proteins is mediated by a small subunit of proteasome, gankyrin, which is activated by cancer.

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