James P. Nolan – 20 August 2010 – From the mid‐1950s, it was observed that liver injury by a variety of toxins greatly sensitized the host to the effects of administered lipopolysaccharide. In the nutritional cirrhosis of choline deficiency, and in acute toxic injury as well, the need for the presence of enteric endotoxin was demonstrated. The universality of this association was striking for almost all agents associated with liver injury.

Vered Gazit, Alexander Weymann, Eric Hartman, Brian N. Finck, Paul W. Hruz, Anatoly Tzekov, David A. Rudnick – 20 August 2010 – We previously reported that mice subjected to partial hepatectomy exhibit rapid development of hypoglycemia followed by transient accumulation of fat in the early regenerating liver. We also showed that disrupting these metabolic alterations results in impaired liver regeneration. The studies reported here were undertaken to further characterize and investigate the functional importance of changes in systemic adipose metabolism during normal liver regeneration.

Luigi Muratori, Paolo Muratori, Giulia Lanzoni, Silvia Ferri, Marco Lenzi – 20 August 2010

Jochen K. M. Lennerz, David J. Kuter, Robert Hasserjian, John Iafrate – 20 August 2010

Zhipeng Meng, Xianghui Fu, Xiaosong Chen, Samuel Zeng, Yan Tian, Richard Jove, Rongzhen Xu, Wendong Huang – 20 August 2010 – MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by interacting with the 3′ untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of multiple mRNAs. Recent studies have linked miRNAs to the development of cancer metastasis. In this study, we show that miR‐194 is specifically expressed in the human gastrointestinal tract and kidney.

Yongjun Wang, Rajat Singh, Youqing Xiang, Linda E. Greenbaum, Mark J. Czaja – 20 August 2010 – The sensitization of hepatocytes to cell death from tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) underlies many forms of hepatic injury, including that from toxins. Critical for hepatocyte resistance to TNFα toxicity is activation of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signaling, which prevents TNFα‐induced death by the up‐regulation of protective proteins.

Lucy Golden‐Mason, Andrea L. Cox, Jessica A. Randall, Linling Cheng, Hugo R. Rosen – 19 August 2010 – CD56pos natural killer (NK)/natural T (NT) cells are important innate effectors providing the first line of defense against viral infection. Enhanced NK activity has been shown to protect from human immunodeficiency virus‐1 infection. However, the role played by these innate effectors in protection against or development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is unknown.

Aurélie C. Fabre, Camille Malaval, Abduelhakem Ben Addi, Céline Verdier, Véronique Pons, Nizar Serhan, Laeticia Lichtenstein, Guillaume Combes, Thierry Huby, François Briand, Xavier Collet, Niels Nijstad, Uwe J.F. Tietge, Bernard Robaye, Bertrand Perret, Jean‐Marie Boeynaems, Laurent O. Martinez – 19 August 2010 – A major atheroprotective functionality of high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) is to promote “reverse cholesterol transport” (RCT).

Chau‐Ting Yeh, Mary So, Jennifer Ng, Han‐Wen Yang, Ming‐Ling Chang, Ming‐Wei Lai, Tse‐Ching Chen, Chun‐Yen Lin, Ta‐Sen Yeh, Wei‐Chen Lee – 19 August 2010 – Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major etiological factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the postoperative prognostic value of the virological factors assayed directly from liver tissue has never been investigated. To address this issue, 185 liver samples obtained from the noncancerous part of surgically removed HBV‐associated HCC tissues were subjected to virological analysis.

Joep de Bruijne, Jilling F. Bergmann, Henk W. Reesink, Christine J. Weegink, Richard Molenkamp, Janke Schinkel, Xiao Tong, Jing Li, Michelle A. Treitel, Eric A. Hughes, Jan Jaap van Lier, Andre A. van Vliet, Harry L. A. Janssen, Robert J. de Knegt – 19 August 2010 – Narlaprevir (SCH 900518) is a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 serine protease that is primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450‐3A4 system.