Keyang Chen, Ming‐Lin Liu, Lana Schaffer, Mingzhen Li, Guenther Boden, Xiangdong Wu, Kevin Jon Williams – 20 August 2010 – Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs hepatic clearance of atherogenic postprandial remnant lipoproteins. Our work and that of others have identified syndecan‐1 heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as remnant lipoprotein receptors. Nevertheless, defects in the T2DM liver have not been molecularly characterized, and neither has the correction that occurs upon caloric restriction.

Xiuying Zhang, Shingo Tachibana, Hua Wang, Masayuki Hisada, George Melville Williams, Bin Gao, Zhaoli Sun – 20 August 2010 – We investigated the hypothesis that a prominent effect of chronic ethanol consumption is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) injury and compared this injury in IL‐6 knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice. Ethanol feeding for 4 weeks resulted in steatosis and oxidative mtDNA damage (8‐OHdG) in both IL‐6KO and WT mice.

Sebastian Zellmer, Wolfgang Schmidt‐Heck, Patricio Godoy, Honglei Weng, Christoph Meyer, Thomas Lehmann, Titus Sparna, Wiebke Schormann, Seddik Hammad, Clemens Kreutz, Jens Timmer, Fritz von Weizsäcker, Petra A. Thürmann, Irmgard Merfort, Reinhard Guthke, Steven Dooley, Jan G. Hengstler, Rolf Gebhardt – 20 August 2010 – The cellular basis of liver regeneration has been intensely investigated for many years. However, the mechanisms initiating hepatocyte “plasticity” and priming for proliferation are not yet fully clear.

Christoph Roderburg, Gerd‐Willem Urban, Kira Bettermann, Mihael Vucur, Henning Zimmermann, Sabine Schmidt, Jörn Janssen, Christiane Koppe, Percy Knolle, Mirco Castoldi, Frank Tacke, Christian Trautwein, Tom Luedde – 20 August 2010 – Liver fibrosis is orchestrated by a complex network of signaling pathways regulating the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins during fibrogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a family of small noncoding RNAs controlling translation and transcription of many genes.

Silvia Sookoian, Maria Soledad Rosselli, Carolina Gemma, Adriana L. Burgueño, Tomas Fernández Gianotti, Gustavo O. Castaño, Carlos J. Pirola – 20 August 2010 – Insulin resistance (IR) and mitochondrial dysfunction play a central role in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that genetic factors and epigenetic modifications occurring in the liver contribute to the IR phenotype.

Zhaowen Zhu, Anne T. Wilson, Bruce A. Luxon, Kyle E. Brown, M. Meleah Mathahs, Sarmistha Bandyopadhyay, Anton P. McCaffrey, Warren N. Schmidt – 20 August 2010 – Induction of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Of the products of the reaction catalyzed by HO‐1, iron has been shown to inhibit HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase, but little is known about the antiviral activity of biliverdin (BV).

Kwang Suk Ko, Maria Lauda Tomasi, Ainhoa Iglesias‐Ara, Barbara A. French, Samuel W. French, Komal Ramani, Juan José Lozano, Pilsoo Oh, Lina He, Bangyan L Stiles, Tony W.H Li, Heping Yang, M. Luz Martínez‐Chantar, José M. Mato, Shelly C. Lu – 20 August 2010 – Prohibitin 1 (PHB1) is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein that participates in diverse processes including mitochondrial chaperone, growth and apoptosis. The role of PHB1 in vivo is unclear and whether it is a tumor suppressor is controversial.

Thomas J. Urban, Alexander J. Thompson, Shelton S. Bradrick, Jacques Fellay, Detlef Schuppan, Kenneth D. Cronin, Linda Hong, Alexander McKenzie, Keyur Patel, Kevin V. Shianna, John G. McHutchison, David B. Goldstein, Nezam Afdhal – 20 August 2010 – Genetic variation in the IL28B (interleukin 28B; interferon lambda 3) region has been associated with sustained virological response (SVR) rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) who were treated with peginterferon‐α and ribavirin.

Pablo Bellot, Juan Carlos García‐Pagán, Rubén Francés, Juan G. Abraldes, Miguel Navasa, Miguel Pérez‐Mateo, José Such, Jaime Bosch – 20 August 2010 – Presence of bacterial DNA in noninfected patients with cirrhosis and ascites is associated with a marked inflammatory response including activation of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase and release of nitric oxide, similar to that observed in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Although presence of bacterial DNA is associated with an impaired prognosis, no information is available regarding its hemodynamic consequences.

Emanuele Nicastro, Giusy Ranucci, Pietro Vajro, Angela Vegnente, Raffaele Iorio – 20 August 2010 – The diagnosis of Wilson disease (WD) is challenging, especially in children. Early detection is desirable in order to avoid dramatic disease progression. The aim of our study was to re‐evaluate in WD children with mild liver disease the conventional diagnostic criteria and the WD scoring system proposed by an international consensus in 2001.