Inhibition of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase switches Smad3 signaling from oncogenesis to tumor‐ suppression in rat hepatocellular carcinoma

Hiromitsu Nagata, Etsuro Hatano, Masaharu Tada, Miki Murata, Koji Kitamura, Hiroyuki Asechi, Masato Narita, Atsuko Yanagida, Nobuyuki Tamaki, Shintaro Yagi, Iwao Ikai, Koichi Matsuzaki, Shinji Uemoto – 28 May 2009 – Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling involves both tumor‐suppression and oncogenesis. TGF‐β activates the TGF‐β type I receptor (TβRI) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), which differentially phosphorylate the mediator Smad3 to become COOH‐terminally phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3C) and linker‐phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3L).

Overexpression of insulin receptor substrate‐1 and hepatitis Bx genes causes premalignant alterations in the liver

Lisa Longato, Suzanne de la Monte, Noriyoshi Kuzushita, Masayoshi Horimoto, Arlin B. Rogers, Betty L. Slagle, Jack R. Wands – 28 May 2009 – Activation of the insulin (IN)/insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1)/mitogen‐associated protein kinase (MAPK) and the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling cascades occurs frequently in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with persistent viral infection.

Role of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase–p70 ribosomal S6 kinase‐1 pathway in repression of liver X receptor‐alpha–dependent lipogenic gene induction and hepatic steatosis by a novel class of dithiolethiones

Seong Hwan Hwahng, Sung Hwan Ki, Eun Ju Bae, Hyun Eun Kim, Sang Geon Kim – 28 May 2009 – Dithiolethiones, a novel class of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators, prevent insulin resistance through AMPK‐dependent p70 ribosomal S6 kinase‐1 (S6K1) inhibition. There is no known effect of S6K1 for liver X receptor‐alpha (LXRα)‐mediated lipogenic gene expression and steatosis, a cause of chronic liver disease.

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