Alexis St. George, Adrian Bauman, Amanda Johnston, Geoffrey Farrell, Tien Chey, Jacob George – 23 June 2009 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, characterized by elevated liver enzymes, central obesity, and insulin resistance, is becoming increasingly prevalent. The effects of changes in physical activity on the metabolic profile of this group have not been reported. We assessed at 3 months the impact of a behavior change‐based lifestyle intervention on physical activity and the effects of this change on the metabolic profile of people with fatty liver disease.

Mario Strazzabosco, Romina Fiorotto, Saida Melero, Shannon Glaser, Heather Francis, Carlo Spirli, Gianfranco Alpini – 23 June 2009 – Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is generated by adenylyl cyclases (ACs), a group of enzymes with different tissue specificity and regulation. We hypothesized that AC isoforms are heterogeneously expressed along the biliary tree, are associated with specific secretory stimuli, and are differentially modulated in cholestasis.

Nathan A. Davies, Gavin Wright, Lars M. Ytrebø, Vanessa Stadlbauer, Ole‐Martin Fuskevåg, Claudia Zwingmann, D. Ceri Davies, Abeba Habtesion, Stephen J. Hodges, Rajiv Jalan – 23 June 2009 – Treatment of hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis is an unmet clinical need.

Karlin Raja Karlmark, Ralf Weiskirchen, Henning W. Zimmermann, Nikolaus Gassler, Florent Ginhoux, Christian Weber, Miriam Merad, Tom Luedde, Christian Trautwein, Frank Tacke – 23 June 2009 – In addition to liver‐resident Kupffer cells, infiltrating immune cells have recently been linked to the development of liver fibrosis. Blood monocytes are circulating precursors of tissue macrophages and can be divided into two functionally distinct subpopulations in mice: Gr1hi (Ly6Chi) and Gr1lo (Ly6Clo) monocytes.

Stefan Vollmer, Valérie Kappler, Jakub Kaczor, Daniela Flügel, Catherine Rolvering, Nobuyuki Kato, Thomas Kietzmann, Iris Behrmann, Claude Haan – 23 June 2009 – The interleukin‐6–type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) acts via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway as well as via activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases and is known to critically regulate processes such as liver development and regeneration, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis, which are also determined by hypoxia with the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) as a key component.

Anna M. G. Cali, Sonia Caprio – 23 June 2009

Shyam Kottilil, Michael Y. Yan, Kristin N. Reitano, Xiaozhen Zhang, Richard Lempicki, Gregg Roby, Marybeth Daucher, Jun Yang, Karoll J. Cortez, Marc Ghany, Michael A. Polis, Anthony S. Fauci – 23 June 2009 – Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is present in one‐third of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals in the United States and is associated with rapid progression of liver fibrosis and poor response to pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin.

Claudio Puoti, Riccardo Guarisco, Lia Bellis, Lucia Spilabotti – 23 June 2009

Lyle C. Gurrin, Nadine A. Bertalli, Gregory W. Dalton, Nicholas J. Osborne, Clare C. Constantine, Christine E. McLaren, Dallas R. English, Dorota M. Gertig, Martin B. Delatycki, Amanda J. Nicoll, Melissa C. Southey, John L. Hopper, Graham G. Giles, Gregory J. Anderson, John K. Olynyk, Lawrie W. Powell, Katrina J. Allen, HealthIron Study Investigators – 23 June 2009 – The risk of hemochromatosis‐related morbidity is unknown among HFE compound heterozygotes (C282Y/H63D).

Águeda González‐Rodriguez, Javier Alba, Valeri Zimmerman, Sara C. Kozma, Ángela M. Valverde – 23 June 2009 – The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6K1 signaling pathway controls cell growth and proliferation. To assess the importance of S6K1 in the balance between death and survival in the liver, we have generated immortalized hepatocyte cell lines from wild‐type and S6K1‐deficient (S6K1−/−) mice. In S6K1−/− hepatocytes, caspase‐8 and the pro‐apoptotic protein Bid were constitutively down‐regulated as compared with wild‐type.