George Mells, Caroline Mann, Stefan Hubscher, James Neuberger – 29 July 2009 – As outcomes from liver transplantation have improved, attention has focused on long‐term outcomes: patient and graft survival is affected by many factors, including the consequences of both overimmunosuppression (eg, renal failure and cancer) and underimmunosuppression (eg, rejection). The use of protocol (rather than event‐driven) biopsies of the liver allograft, except for those grafted for HCV infection, has been largely abandoned.

Michael R. Lucey, Douglas E. Schaubel, Mary K. Guidinger, Santiago Tome, Robert M. Merion – 29 July 2009 – Disease‐specific analysis of liver transplant survival benefit, which encompasses both pre‐ and posttransplant events, has not been reported.

Anna S. Lok – 29 July 2009

Valeer J. Desmet – 29 July 2009 – An informal review is presented by the author of his 50 years of involvement in practice and research in hepatopathology. Some background for the author's attitude and meandering pathway into his professional career serves as introduction to a short discussion of the main topics of his interest and expertise. Histogenesis of liver cancer was the theme of early work for a Ph.D. thesis, the results of which were lost into oblivion due to local rules and circumstances, but were rescued three decades later.

Jeffrey B. Halldorson, Ramasamy Bakthavatsalam, Jorge D. Reyes, James D. Perkins – 29 July 2009 – The impact of surgeon fatigue on patient outcomes has not been previously studied. In order to assess the relationship of surgeon workload to patient outcome, we analyzed the impact of the interval between liver transplants and the cumulative number of liver transplants in a week on patient outcome. The outcomes of 390 liver transplants performed between 2003 and 2006 at the University of Washington Medical Center were analyzed.

Jessica A. Howell, Kumar Visvanathan – 29 July 2009

Carl F. Raetzsch, Natasha L. Brooks, J. McKee Alderman, Kelli S. Moore, Peter A. Hosick, Simon Klebanov, Shizuo Akira, James E. Bear, Albert S. Baldwin, Nigel Mackman, Terry P. Combs – 29 July 2009 – Acute exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can cause hypoglycemia and insulin resistance; the underlying mechanisms, however, are unclear.

Hirofumi Uto, Sherri O. Stuver, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Kotaro Kumagai, Fumisato Sasaki, Shuji Kanmura, Masatsugu Numata, Akihiro Moriuchi, Susumu Hasegawa, Makoto Oketani, Akio Ido, Kazunori Kusumoto, Satoru Hasuike, Kenji Nagata, Michinori Kohara, Hirohito Tsubouchi – 29 July 2009 – The overall mortality of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has not been fully elucidated. This study analyzed mortality in subjects positive for antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV) in a community‐based, prospective cohort study conducted in an HCV hyperendemic area of Japan.

Bo Gao, Zhijian Duan, Wei Xu, Sidong Xiong – 29 July 2009 – Members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family are a part of the innate immune system to counter intracellular pathogens. TRIM22 has been reported to possess antiretroviral activity. Here we report that TRIM22 is involved in antiviral immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Our results showed that TRIM22, being a strongly induced gene by interferons in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, could inhibit HBV gene expression and replication in a cell culture system as well as in a mouse model system.

Jon Cardinal, Pinhua Pan, Rajeev Dhupar, Mark Ross, Atsunori Nakao, Michael Lotze, Timothy Billiar, David Geller, Allan Tsung – 29 July 2009 – The nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important inflammatory mediator involved in the pathogenesis of liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Strategies aimed at preventing its release from stressed or damaged cells may be beneficial in preventing inflammation after I/R.