Alanine aminotransferase isoenzymes: Molecular cloning and quantitative analysis of tissue expression in rats and serum elevation in liver toxicity

Rong‐Ze Yang, Soohyun Park, William J. Reagan, Rick Goldstein, Shao Zhong, Michael Lawton, Francis Rajamohan, Kun Qian, Li Liu, Da‐Wei Gong – 28 January 2009 – The elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is regarded as an indicator of liver damage based on the presumption that ALT protein is specifically and abundantly expressed in the liver. However, ALT elevation is also observed in non–liver injury conditions (for example, muscle injury) and in apparently healthy people.

Evidence for LKB1/AMP‐activated protein kinase/ endothelial nitric oxide synthase cascade regulated by hepatocyte growth factor, S‐adenosylmethionine, and nitric oxide in hepatocyte proliferation

Mercedes Vázquez‐Chantada, Usue Ariz, Marta Varela‐Rey, Nieves Embade, Nuria Martínez‐Lopez, David Fernández‐Ramos, Laura Gómez‐Santos, Santiago Lamas, Shelly C. Lu, M. Luz Martínez‐Chantar, José M. Mato – 28 January 2009 – S‐adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is involved in numerous complex hepatic processes such as hepatocyte proliferation, death, inflammatory responses, and antioxidant defense. One of the most relevant actions of SAMe is the inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration.

Autochthonous liver tumors induce systemic T cell tolerance associated with T cell receptor down‐modulation

Jasmin T. Ney, Thomas Schmidt, Christian Kurts, Qi Zhou, Dawid Eckert, Dean W. Felsher, Hubert Schorle, Percy Knolle, Thomas Tüting, Winfried Barchet, Reinhard Büttner, Andreas Limmer, Ines Gütgemann – 28 January 2009 – The reason the adaptive immune system fails in advanced liver tumors is largely unclear. To address this question, we have developed a novel murine model that combines c‐myc–induced autochthonous tumorigenesis with expression of a cognate antigen, ovalbumin (OVA).

The novel CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell effector molecule fibrinogen‐like protein 2 contributes to the outcome of murine fulminant viral hepatitis

Itay Shalev, Kit Man Wong, Katharina Foerster, Yi Zhu, Cecilia Chan, Asif Maknojia, Jianhua Zhang, Xue‐Zhong Ma, Xiao Chun Yang, Julia Fang Gao, Hao Liu, Nazia Selzner, David A. Clark, Oyedele Adeyi, M. James Phillips, Reginald R. Gorczynski, David Grant, Ian McGilvray, Gary Levy – 28 January 2009 – Fulminant viral hepatitis (FH) remains an important clinical problem in which the underlying pathogenesis is not well understood.

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