Lifestyle intervention and fatty liver disease: The importance of both disrupting inflammation and reducing visceral fat
Alexis Elias Malavazos, Giulia Gobbo, Roberta Francesca Zelaschi, Emanuele Cereda – 27 October 2009
Bile salt sequestration induces hepatic de novo lipogenesis through farnesoid X receptor– and liver X receptorα–controlled metabolic pathways in mice
Hilde Herrema, Maxi Meissner, Theo H. van Dijk, Gemma Brufau, Renze Boverhof, Maaike H. Oosterveer, Dirk‐Jan Reijngoud, Michael Müller, Frans Stellaard, Albert K. Groen, Folkert Kuipers – 23 October 2009 – Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels and dyslipidemia. Bile salt sequestration has been found to improve both plasma glycemic control and cholesterol profiles in diabetic patients. Yet bile salt sequestration is also known to affect triglyceride (TG) metabolism, possibly through signaling pathways involving farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver X receptor α (LXRα).
Bicarbonate secretion of mouse cholangiocytes involves Na+‐HCO 3− cotransport in addition to Na+‐independent Cl−/HCO3− exchange
Iker Uriarte, Jesús M. Banales, Elena Sáez, Fabián Arenas, Ronald P. J. Oude Elferink, Jesús Prieto, Juan F. Medina – 23 October 2009 – Bicarbonate secretion from cholangiocytes is required for appropriate adjustment of primary canalicular bile along the biliary tract. In human and rat cholangiocytes, bicarbonate secretion is mediated by anion exchanger (AE) 2, an electroneutral Na+‐independent Cl−/HCO 3− AE also involved in intracellular pH (pHi) regulation. In Ae2a,b‐deficient mice, pHi is increased in lymphocytes and fibroblasts, whereas it is surprisingly normal in cholangiocytes.
Primary hepatic schwannoma mimicking malignancy on fluorine‐18 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography
Young Chul Kim, Mi‐Suk Park – 23 October 2009
Adenosine inhibits chemotaxis and induces hepatocyte‐specific genes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Mehdi Mohamadnejad, Muhammad A. Sohail, Azuma Watanabe, Diane S. Krause, E. Scott Swenson, Wajahat Z. Mehal – 23 October 2009 – Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential in liver injury, but the signals responsible for MSC localization to sites of injury and initiation of differentiation are not known. Adenosine concentration is increased at sites of cellular injury and inflammation, and adenosine is known to signal a variety of cellular changes.
Dried blood spot for hepatitis C virus serology and molecular testing
Edouard Tuaillon, Anne‐Marie Mondain, Fadi Meroueh, Laure Ottomani, Marie‐Christine Picot, Nicolas Nagot, Philippe Van de Perre, Jacques Ducos – 23 October 2009 – We investigated the performance of dried blood spots (DBS) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis using modified commercial tests. Paired DBS and serum samples were collected from 200 patients: 100 patients with anti‐HCV antibodies (anti‐HCV), including 62 patients with detectable serum HCV RNA, and 100 patients without anti‐HCV.
Hepatitis C virus–induced up‐regulation of protein phosphatase 2A inhibits histone modification and DNA damage repair
Francois H. T. Duong, Verena Christen, Shanshan Lin, Markus H. Heim – 22 October 2009 – The molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic viral hepatitis are poorly understood. A potential tumorigenic pathway could involve protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), because both enzymes are dysregulated in chronic hepatitis C, and both enzymes have been involved in chromatin remodeling and DNA damage repair.
Degree of portal vein thrombosis
Xingshun Qi, Guohong Han, Jianhong Wang, Kaichun Wu, Daiming Fan – 22 October 2009
Differences in betaine‐homocysteine methyltransferase expression, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and liver injury between alcohol‐fed mice and rats
Masao Shinohara, Cheng Ji, Neil Kaplowitz – 22 October 2009 – Chronic ethanol infusion resulted in greater serum alanine aminotransferase elevation, lipid accumulation, necroinflammation, and focal hepatic cell death in mice than rats. Mice exhibited a remarkable hyperhomocysteinemia but no increase was seen in rats. Similarly, a high‐methionine low‐folate diet (HMLF) induced less steatosis, serum alanine aminotransferase increase, and hyperhomocysteinemia in rats than in mice.
Farnesoid X receptor alleviates age‐related proliferation defects in regenerating mouse livers by activating forkhead box m1b transcription
Wei‐Dong Chen, Yan‐Dong Wang, Lisheng Zhang, Steven Shiah, Meihua Wang, Fan Yang, Donna Yu, Barry M. Forman, Wendong Huang – 22 October 2009 – Elucidating the mechanism of liver regeneration could lead to life‐saving therapy for a large number of patients, especially elderly patients, after segmental liver transplantation or resection of liver tumors. The forkhead box m1b (Foxm1b) transcription factor is required for normal liver regeneration.