Valerio Nobili, Melania Manco, Rita Devito, Vincenzo Di Ciommo, Donatella Comparcola, Maria Rita Sartorelli, Fiorella Piemonte, Matilde Marcellini, Paul Angulo – 20 June 2008 – No proven treatment exists for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children and adolescents. We sought to determine the efficacy of lifestyle intervention with or without antioxidant therapy in pediatric NAFLD. A total of 53 patients (age 5.7‐18.8 years, 37 boys) were included.

Julie R. Jonsson, Helen D. Barrie, Peter O'Rourke, Andrew D. Clouston, Elizabeth E. Powell – 20 June 2008 – Obesity and fatty liver are commonly observed among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are risk factors for increased hepatic fibrosis. Obesity is accompanied by a low‐grade, chronic inflammatory response that may contribute to pathogenesis of obesity‐related comorbidities.

Massimo Pinzani, Umberto Arena, Francesco Vizzutti – 20 June 2008

Tram N.Q. Pham, Tomasz I. Michalak – 20 June 2008

J.T. Wells, J.R. Runo, M.R. Lucey – 20 June 2008

Ahmed El‐Shamy, Motoko Nagano‐Fujii, Noriko Sasase, Susumu Imoto, Soo‐Ryang Kim, Hak Hotta – 20 June 2008 – A substantial proportion of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐1b–infected patients still do not respond to interferon‐based therapy. This study aims to explore a predictive marker for the ultimate virological response of HCV‐1b–infected patients treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEG‐IFN/RBV) combination therapy. Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) sequences of HCV in the pretreated sera of 45 patients infected with HCV‐1b were analyzed.

Maria A. Gonzalez‐Carmona, Veronika Lukacs‐Kornek, Anne Timmerman, Sara Shabani, Miroslaw Kornek, Annabelle Vogt, Yildiz Yildiz, Elisabeth Sievers, Ingo G.H. Schmidt‐Wolf, Wolfgang H. Caselmann, Tilman Sauerbruch, Volker Schmitz – 20 June 2008 – Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen‐presenting cells able to prime T‐cells against tumor‐associated antigens (TAA), but their potential to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) regression is still limited. CD40/CD40L interaction is essential for DC activation and induction of antigen‐specific T‐cells.

Takashi Ebihara, Masashi Shingai, Misako Matsumoto, Takaji Wakita, Tsukasa Seya – 20 June 2008 – Dendritic cell maturation critically modulates antiviral immune responses, and facilitates viral clearance. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by its high predisposition to persistent infection. Here, we examined the immune response of human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) to the JFH1 strain of HCV, which can efficiently replicate in cell culture. However, neither HCV RNA replication nor antigen production was detected in MoDCs inoculated with JFH1.

Eric Delwart – 20 June 2008

Paul J. Pockros, David Nelson, Eliot Godofsky, Maribel Rodriguez‐Torres, Gregory T. Everson, Michael W. Fried, Reem Ghalib, Stephen Harrison, Lisa Nyberg, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Isabel Najera, Anna Chan, George Hill – 20 June 2008 – R1626, a prodrug of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA polymerase inhibitor R1479, showed time‐dependent and dose‐dependent reduction of HCV RNA levels in a previous study. The present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of R1626 administered for 4 weeks in combination with peginterferon alfa‐2a ± ribavirin in HCV genotype 1‐infected treatment‐naive patients.