Sheng‐Chieh Hsu, Wan‐Jr Syu, I‐Jane Sheen, Hui‐Ting Liu, King‐Song Jeng, Jaw‐Ching Wu – 30 December 2003 – The mechanisms that link genotypes of hepatitis D virus (HDV) with clinical outcomes have not yet been elucidated. Genotypic variations are unevenly distributed along the sequences of hepatitis delta antigens (HDAgs). Of these variations, the packaging signal at the C‐terminus has a divergence of 74% between genotypes I and II.

Maria Buti, Francisco Sanchez‐Avila, Yoav Lurie, Carlos Stalgis, Auristela Valdés, Maria Martell, Rafael Esteban – 30 December 2003 – Pegylated interferon (peginterferon) alfa‐2b plus ribavirin achieves a higher sustained response rate in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) than standard combination therapy. This study evaluated HCV kinetics throughout therapy with 2 doses of peginterferon alfa‐2b and ribavirin in 55 patients.

Peter L. M. Jansen, Michael Mller, Ekkehard Sturm – 30 December 2003

Paul D. Richardson, Betsy T. Kren, Clifford J. Steer – 30 December 2003

Yoshiaki Shimizu, Julie A. Margenthaler, Keith Landeros, Naoki Otomo, Gerard Doherty, M. Wayne Flye – 30 December 2003 – Endotoxin has been identified as a principal mediator of sepsis, often with resulting multiple organ failure. Although interferon γ (IFN‐γ) has a central role in controlling bacterial infection through the activation of macrophages and T lymphocytes, it can also enhance the harmful effects of the inflammatory response.

Hailing Liu, Chau R. Lo, Mark J. Czaja – 30 December 2003 – Hepatocyte resistance to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)‐induced apoptosis is dependent on activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB). To determine the mechanism by which NF‐κB protects against TNF toxicity, the effect of NF‐κB inactivation on the proapoptotic c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway was examined in the rat hepatocyte cell line RALA255‐10G.

Hitoshi Yoshiji, Shigeki Kuriyama, Junichi Yoshii, Yasuhide Ikenaka, Ryuichi Noguchi, Daniel J. Hicklin, James Huber, Toshiya Nakatani, Hirohisa Tsujinoue, Koji Yanase, Hiroo Imazu, Hiroshi Fukui – 30 December 2003 – The growth of any solid tumor depends on angiogenesis. Among the known angiogenic factors, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are potent and representative factors involved in tumor development. It has been reported that bFGF and VEGF showed a synergistic effect in both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis.

Yoshihiko Oka, Robert A. Waterland, J. Keith Killian, Catherine M. Nolan, Hong‐Seok Jang, Keiji Tohara, Seigo Sakaguchi, Tsuneyoshi Yao, Akinori Iwashita, Yutaka Yata, Terumi Takahara, Shin‐ichiro Sato, Kazuyuki Suzuki, Tomoyuki Masuda, Randy L. Jirtle – 30 December 2003 – Mannose 6‐phosphate/insulin‐like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF2R) tumor suppressor– gene mutation is an early event in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation in the United States, but its role in hepatocarcinogenesis in Japan is unclear.

Cornelia Stumptner, Andrea Fuchsbichler, Hans Heid, Kurt Zatloukal, Helmut Denk – 30 December 2003 – Mallory bodies (MBs) consist of abnormal keratins, ubiquitin, heat shock proteins, and the protein p62. p62 is encoded by an immediate‐early response gene that rapidly responds to a variety of extracellular signals involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and particularly oxidative stress.

Gianfranco Alpini, Leonardo Baiocchi, Shannon Glaser, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Marco Marzioni, Heather Francis, Jo Lynne Phinizy, Mario Angelico, Gene LeSage – 30 December 2003 – Accumulating bile acids (BA) trigger cholangiocyte proliferation in chronic cholestasis.