Hitoshi Ikeda, Kenji Fujiwara – 1 April 1995 – Ito cells are the primary matrix‐producing cells in the liver. In hepatic fibrosis in vivo or culture on plastic, these cells undergo activation, a process characterized by cell proliferation, fibrogenesis, and smooth muscle α‐actin expression. The cytosolic‐binding proteins of cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 accelerate folding of various proteins including collagen and become inactivated by binding to those agents. CsA is shown to inhibit collagen synthesis in cultured fibroblasts.

Raymond S. Koff – 1 April 1995

Raymond S. Koff – 1 April 1995

Robert S. Britton, Kyle E. Brown – 1 April 1995 – Hereditary haemochromatosis is characterised by iron overload that may lead to tissue damage. Free iron is a potent promoter of hydroxyl radical formation that can cause increased lipid peroxidation and depletion of chain‐breaking antioxidants. We have therefore assessed lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 15 subjects with hereditary haemochromatosis and age/sex matched controls. Subjects with haemochromatosis had increased serum iron (24.8 (19.1–30.5) vs. 17.8 (16.1–19.5) μmol/L, P = 0.021) and % saturation (51.8 (42.0–61.6) vs.

Daniell B. Hill, Jack Schmidt, Steven I. Shedlofsky, Donald A. Cohen, Craig J. McClain – 1 April 1995 – Tumor necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α) is a mediator of liver injury. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro model of TNF‐mediated liver cell injury using the Hep G2 cell line. Hep G2 cells normally are insensitive to TNF cytotoxicity, but they were rendered susceptible, or sensitized, to TNF cytotoxicity by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis.

Ariane Mallat, Anne‐Marie Preaux, Sylvie Blazejewski, Jean Rosenbaum, Daniel Dhumeaux, Philippe Mavier – 1 April 1995 – During the course of ongoing liver fibrogenesis, Ito cells acquire myofibroblastic features, proliferate, and synthesize increased amounts of extracellular matrix components. Interferon (IFN) alfa and IFN gamma have been shown to elicit antiproliferative and/or antifibrogenic effects in various cell cultures of mesenchymal origin.

Antonio Diez‐Ruiz, Gernot P. Tilz, Francisco Gutierrez‐Gea, Blas Gil‐Extremera, Christian Murr, Helmut Wachter, Dietmar Fuchs – 1 April 1995 – Alcohol‐induced cirrhosis (AC) is accompanied by disturbances of immune function and cytokine production.

Antoni Rimola, Joan M. Salmerón, Gerardo Clemente, Luis Rodrigo, Antoni Obrador, M. Luisa Miranda, Carlos Guarner, Ramon Planas, Ricard Solá, Victor Vargas, Fernando Casafont, Francesc Marco, Miquel Navasa, Rafael Bañares, Vicente Arroyo, Joan Rodés – 1 March 1995 – Cefotaxime (CTX) is considered one of the first‐choice antibiotics in the therapy of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhosis. Because CTX is largely metabolized in the liver, this drug may also be effective in SBP by administering lower doses than those habitually used.

Robert M. Hoffmann, Helmut M. Diepolder, Reinhart Zachoval, Franz‐Maximilian Zwiebel, Maria‐Christina Jung, Siegfried Scholz, Hans Nitschko, Gert Riethmüller, Gerd R. Pape – 1 March 1995 – In acute and chronic viral disease the specific response of CD4+ T lymphocytes to certain viral proteins is an essential part of antiviral effector mechanisms. In hepatitis C virus infection, the contribution of the immune system and particularly of CD4+ T lymphocytes to the pathogenesis of disease is unknown.

Adrian Fisher, Neil D. Theise, Albert Min, Eytan Mor, Sukru Emre, Adam Pearl, Myron E. Schwartz, Charles M. Miller, Patricia A. Sheiner – 1 March 1995 – The results of liver transplantation in patients with cholangiocarcinoma have been poor. It has been suggested that elevated serum CA19‐9 levels predict cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. We analyzed the predictive value of CA19‐9 antigen as a marker of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis evaluated for liver transplantation.