Hendrina Van Vugt, Jacobus Van Gool, Lambert L. M. Thomas – 1 January 1983 – Studies by Liehr et al. suggest that endotoxins are important in the pathogenesis of galactosamine hepatitis (Gal‐N hepatitis) in rats. Lactulose (9.1 gm per kg per day) prevents hepatic lesions induced by Gal‐N; an antiendotoxin effect of lactulose is postulated. However, commercial preparations of lactulose are contaminated with galactose, which shows a competitive action to Gal‐N.

Hisao Hayashi, Yoichi Sameshima, Michio Lee, Yasuhiro Hotta, Toshihiko Kosaka – 1 January 1983 – The clinical significance of hepatocellular lipolysosomes in patients with various liver diseases was investigated. Of the 102 cases studied, lipolysosomes were found in 78 cases or 76%. In patients with fatty change of the liver, hepatocellular lipolysosomes were found in 62 of 68 or 91%. In patients without fatty change, lipolysosomes were found in 16 of 34 or 47%. The lipolysosome:.lipido ratio in the hepatocytes ranged from 0 to 10%.

Robert P. Cornell – 1 January 1983 – The intravenous administration of bacterial endotoxin to fasted rats elicited basal portal and systemic venous hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia. Enhanced pancreatic secretion of insulin and glucagon was implied by the elevated portal venous hormonal levels. Elevated insulin and glucagon levels were present at 4 hr after a 33 m̈g/100 gm intravenous endotoxin dose despite no fluctuation of the plasma glucose concentration.

1 January 1983

C. S. Davidson – 1 January 1983

William B. Bean – 1 January 1983

Roderick K. Roberts, Steven Schenker – 1 January 1983

Alex M. Aisen, William Martel, Gary M. Glazer, Paul L. Carson – 1 January 1983 – Major advances in diagnostic imaging of the human body have been made in recent years. Positron emission tomography, a technique founded on advances in radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclide imaging apparatus, permits imaging regional metabolism, metabolite distribution, and flow. Thus far, its major applications have been in the study of the brain, and to a lesser extent, the heart; however, it is also finding a role in the study of the liver.

Makoto Hashizume, Kenzo Tanaka, Kiyoshi Inokuchi – 1 January 1983 – Morphologic alterations in the gastric microcirculation in cirrhosis were investigated following infusion of a silicone rubber compound into vessels of the excised stomach which was then cleared with methyl salicylate. In cirrhosis, arteriovenous anastomoses 15 to 50 jum in diameter were present in 5 of 10 patients; spiral arterioles were less than one‐tenth as numerous as in stomachs from noncirrhotic patients.

Jaime Bosch, Rosa Enriquez, Roberto J. Groszmann, Edward H. Storer – 1 January 1983 – Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics were measured in six normal dogs and in 18 dogs that had the bile ducts ligated for a period of 8 weeks. In the bile duct‐ligated dogs, there was a decrease in arterial pressure (110 ± 4 mm Hg vs. normal 136 ± 6 mm Hg; p < 0.005) and peripheral vascular resistance (4.60 ± 0.38 vs. 6.28 ± 0.38 dynes‐sec‐cm−5; p < 0.02), and an increase in cardiac index (129 ± 7 vs. 98 ± 9 ml per min per kg; p < 0.05).