Characterizing Hepatitis C Virus–Specific CD4+ T Cells Following Viral‐Vectored Vaccination, Directly Acting Antivirals, and Spontaneous Viral Cure

Felicity Hartnell, Ilaria Esposito, Leo Swadling, Anthony Brown, Chansavath Phetsouphanh, Catherine Lara, Chiara Gentile, Bethany Turner, Lucy Dorrell, Stefania Capone, Antonella Folgori, Eleanor Barnes, Paul Klenerman – 3 February 2020

Kidney Graft Outcomes in High Immunological Risk Simultaneous Liver‐Kidney Transplants

Gastón J. Piñeiro, Jordi Rovira, Enrique Montagud‐Marrahí, Jose V. Torregrosa, José Ríos, David Cucchiari, Jessica Ugalde‐Altamirano, Pedro Ventura‐Aguiar, Rosana Gelpi, Eduard Palou, Jordi Colmenero, Miquel Navasa, Fritz Diekmann, Nuria Esforzado – 3 February 2020 – Recipients of simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantations (SLKTs) have a lower risk of rejection compared with recipients of kidney transplants alone. However, there is disagreement about the impact of pretransplant anti–human leukocyte antigen sensitization on patient and kidney graft survival in the long term.

New Insights Into Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease in Children

Racha T. Khalaf, Ronald J. Sokol – 31 January 2020 – Development of intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) is a common complication of long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) in children and adults. The molecular and cellular mechanisms and the phases of IFALD are now being delineated. Components of PN lipid emulsions, including plant sterols, interact with hepatic innate immune activation promoted by products of gut bacterial overgrowth/dysbiosis and altered intestinal barrier function (gut‐liver axis) and by episodes of sepsis to cause cholestasis and IFALD.

New Insights Into Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease in Children

Racha T. Khalaf, Ronald J. Sokol – 31 January 2020 – Development of intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) is a common complication of long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) in children and adults. The molecular and cellular mechanisms and the phases of IFALD are now being delineated. Components of PN lipid emulsions, including plant sterols, interact with hepatic innate immune activation promoted by products of gut bacterial overgrowth/dysbiosis and altered intestinal barrier function (gut‐liver axis) and by episodes of sepsis to cause cholestasis and IFALD.

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