Fecal Microbiome Distinguishes Alcohol Consumption From Alcoholic Hepatitis But Does Not Discriminate Disease Severity

Ekaterina Smirnova, Puneet Puri, Mark D. Muthiah, Kalyani Daitya, Robert Brown, Naga Chalasani, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Vijay H. Shah, Kayla Gelow, Mohammed S. Siddiqui, Sherry Boyett, Faridoddin Mirshahi, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Patrick Gillevet, Arun J. Sanyal – 14 February 2020

New Drugs for NASH and HIV Infection: Great Expectations for a Great Need

Giovanni Guaraldi, James B. Maurice, Catia Marzolini, Kenneth Monteith, Jovana Milic, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Sanjay Bhagani, Caryn G. Morse, Jennifer C. Price, Patrick Ingiliz, Maud Lemoine, Giada Sebastiani, the SHIVER Network – 13 February 2020 – In recent years, there has been an increasing number of clinical trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are commonly excluded from these studies, usually due to concerns over drug–drug interactions associated with antiretroviral therapy.

Farnesoid X Receptor Activation Protects Liver From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Up‐Regulating Small Heterodimer Partner in Kupffer Cells

Dan Jin, Tianfei Lu, Ming Ni, Han Wang, Jiang Zhang, Chenpeng Zhong, Chuan Shen, Jun Hao, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec‐Weglinski, Jianjun Zhang, Ning Xu, Yuan Zhai – 13 February 2020 – Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is the nuclear receptor of bile acids and is involved in innate immune regulation. FXR agonists have been shown to protect multiple organs from inflammatory tissue injuries. Because liver expresses high levels of FXR, we explored the potential therapeutic benefits and underlying mechanisms of pharmacologic FXR activation in a murine model of partial liver warm ischemia.

Biomarkers for Hepatobiliary Cancers

Jean‐Charles Nault, Augusto Villanueva – 11 February 2020 – The clinical management of primary liver cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has significantly changed in the last 3 years. The introduction of systemic therapies, including immune‐based therapies and biomarker‐driven therapies, has significantly improved survival, particularly in patients at advanced stages of disease. Survival is still poor, and projections from the World Health Organization underscore the need to improve outcomes in these patients.

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