Irene Delgado, Manuel Carrasco, Elena Cano, Rita Carmona, Rocío García‐Carbonero, Luis M. Marín‐Gómez, Bernat Soria, Francisco Martín, David A. Cano, Ramón Muñoz‐Chápuli, Anabel Rojas – 10 January 2014 – The zinc finger transcription factor GATA4 controls specification and differentiation of multiple cell types during embryonic development. In mouse embryonic liver, Gata4 is expressed in the endodermal hepatic bud and in the adjacent mesenchyme of the septum transversum. Previous studies have shown that Gata4 inactivation impairs liver formation.

Irene Delgado, Manuel Carrasco, Elena Cano, Rita Carmona, Rocío García‐Carbonero, Luis M. Marín‐Gómez, Bernat Soria, Francisco Martín, David A. Cano, Ramón Muñoz‐Chápuli, Anabel Rojas – 10 January 2014 – The zinc finger transcription factor GATA4 controls specification and differentiation of multiple cell types during embryonic development. In mouse embryonic liver, Gata4 is expressed in the endodermal hepatic bud and in the adjacent mesenchyme of the septum transversum. Previous studies have shown that Gata4 inactivation impairs liver formation.

Carrie Thiessen, Yunsoo A. Kim, Peter S. Yoo, Manuel Rodriguez‐Davalos, David Mulligan, Sanjay Kulkarni – 10 January 2014 – We examined written informed consent forms for living liver donor evaluations to determine whether they incorporated elements required by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and suggested by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN). We contacted each of the 41 US centers that performed at least 1 living donor liver transplant in 2011; 37 centers reported active living donor evaluation programs.

Yeon Seok Seo, Soo Young Park, Moon Young Kim, Ju Hyun Kim, Jun Yong Park, Hyung Joon Yim, Byoung Kuk Jang, Hong Soo Kim, Taeho Hahn, Byung Ik Kim, Jeong Heo, Hyonggin An, Won Young Tak, Soon Koo Baik, Kwang Hyub Han, Jae Seok Hwang, Sang Hoon Park, Mong Cho, Soon Ho Um – 10 January 2014 – Vasoactive drugs are recommended to be started as soon as possible in suspected variceal bleeding, even before diagnostic endoscopy. However, it is still unclear whether the therapeutic efficacies of the various vasoactive drugs used are comparable.

Cleber R. Kruel, Aljamir Chedid, Tomaz Grezzana‐Filho, Ian Leipnitz – 7 January 2014

Subash Gupta, Manav Wadhawan – 7 January 2014

Cristina López Sánchez, Oscar Len, Joan Gavalda, Itxarone Bilbao, Lluis Castells, Maria Arantzazu Gelabert, Helena Allende, Albert Pahissa – 7 January 2014 – Data from published studies regarding risk factors for liver biopsy (LB)–related infectious complications in liver transplant recipients are inconsistent. We carried out a retrospective cohort study analyzing consecutive LBs for orthotopic liver transplant patients at a tertiary hospital (2001‐2011): there were 667 LB procedures (575 percutaneous procedures and 92 transjugular procedures) in 286 liver transplant recipients.

Melissa Martinez, Anand Tandra, Raj Vuppalanchi – 7 January 2014

Tony Gutschner, Monika Hämmerle, Nikolaos Pazaitis, Nadine Bley, Evgenij Fiskin, Hannah Uckelmann, Andreas Heim, Matthias Groβ, Nina Hofmann, Robert Geffers, Britta Skawran, Thomas Longerich, Kai Breuhahn, Peter Schirmacher, Britta Mühleck, Stefan Hüttelmaier, Sven Diederichs – 7 January 2014 – Hepatocarcinogenesis is a stepwise process. It involves several genetic and epigenetic alterations, e.g., loss of tumor suppressor gene expression (TP53, PTEN, RB) as well as activation of oncogenes (c‐MYC, MET, BRAF, RAS).

Anna J. Dare, Lindsay D. Plank, Anthony R. J. Phillips, Edward J. Gane, Barry Harrison, David Orr, Yannan Jiang, Adam S. J. R. Bartlett – 7 January 2014 – The effects of pretransplant obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), and hypertension (HTN) on outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) are controversial. Questions have also been raised about the appropriateness of the body mass index (BMI) for assessing obesity in patients with end‐stage liver disease. Both issues have implications for organ allocation in LT.