Withholding parenteral nutrition during critical illness increases plasma bilirubin but lowers the incidence of biliary sludge

Yoo‐Mee Vanwijngaerden, Lies Langouche, Richard Brunner, Yves Debaveye, Marijke Gielen, Michael Casaer, Christopher Liddle, Sally Coulter, Pieter J. Wouters, Alexander Wilmer, Greet Berghe, Dieter Mesotten – 9 November 2013 – Cholestatic liver dysfunction (CLD) and biliary sludge often occur during critical illness and are allegedly aggravated by parenteral nutrition (PN). Delaying initiation of PN beyond day 7 in the intensive care unit (ICU) (late PN) accelerated recovery as compared with early initiation of PN (early PN).

Osteopontin binding to lipopolysaccharide lowers tumor necrosis factor‐α and prevents early alcohol‐induced liver injury in mice

Xiaodong Ge, Tung‐Ming Leung, Elena Arriazu, Yongke Lu, Raquel Urtasun, Brian Christensen, Maria Isabel Fiel, Satoshi Mochida, Esben S. Sørensen, Natalia Nieto – 9 November 2013 – Although osteopontin (OPN) is induced in alcoholic patients, its role in the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains unclear. Increased translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the gut is key for the onset of ALD because it promotes macrophage infiltration and activation, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) production, and liver injury.

Using surveillance data to determine treatment rates and outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Sam Lattimore, Will Irving, Sarah Collins, Celia Penman, Mary Ramsay, on Behalf of the Collaboration for the Sentinel Surveillance of Blood‐Borne Virus Testing – 9 November 2013 – The aim of this work was to develop and validate an algorithm to monitor rates of, and response to, treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) across England using routine laboratory HCV RNA testing data. HCV testing activity between January 2002 and December 2011 was extracted from the local laboratory information systems of a sentinel network of 23 laboratories across England.

Inhibition of Niemann‐Pick‐type C1‐like1 by ezetimibe activates autophagy in human hepatocytes and reduces mutant α1‐antitrypsin Z deposition

Takeshi Yamamura, Yuki Ohsaki, Michitaka Suzuki, Yuki Shinohara, Tsuyako Tatematsu, Jinglei Cheng, Masato Okada, Naoki Ohmiya, Yoshiki Hirooka, Hidemi Goto, Toyoshi Fujimoto – 9 November 2013 – Autophagy can degrade aggregate‐prone proteins, but excessive autophagy can have adverse effects. It would be beneficial if autophagy could be enhanced in a cell type‐specific manner, but this has been difficult because the basic mechanism of autophagy is common.

Ribonucleotide reductase M2B inhibits cell migration and spreading by early growth response protein 1‐mediated phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hua Tian, Chao Ge, Hong Li, Fangyu Zhao, Helei Hou, Taoyang Chen, Guoping Jiang, Haiyang Xie, Ying Cui, Ming Yao, Jinjun Li – 9 November 2013 – Ribonucleotide reductase (RR)M2B is an enzyme belonging to the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme family, which is essential for DNA synthesis and repair. RRM2B plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis; however, little is known about the expression and underlying molecular mechanisms of RRM2B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

T‐cell factor 4 and β‐catenin chromatin occupancies pattern zonal liver metabolism in mice

Angélique Gougelet, Cyril Torre, Philippe Veber, Chiara Sartor, Laura Bachelot, Pierre‐Damien Denechaud, Cécile Godard, Marthe Moldes, Anne‐Françoise Burnol, Céline Dubuquoy, Benoit Terris, François Guillonneau, Tao Ye, Michael Schwarz, Albert Braeuning, Christine Perret, Sabine Colnot – 9 November 2013 – β‐catenin signaling can be both a physiological and oncogenic pathway in the liver. It controls compartmentalized gene expression, allowing the liver to ensure its essential metabolic function.

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