Microbiota‐liver axis in hepatic disease

Benoit Chassaing, Lucie Etienne‐Mesmin, Andrew T. Gewirtz – 22 May 2013 – Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota, long appreciated to be a key determinant of intestinal inflammation, is also playing a key role in chronic inflammatory disease of the liver. Such studies have yielded a general central hypothesis whereby microbiota products activate the innate immune system to drive proinflammatory gene expression, thus promoting chronic inflammatory disease of the liver.

Importance of cardiometabolic risk factors in the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and arterial stiffness in adolescents

Rae‐Chi Huang, Lawrence J. Beilin, Oyekoya Ayonrinde, Trevor A. Mori, John K. Olynyk, Sally Burrows, Beth Hands, Leon A. Adams – 22 May 2013 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide and is regarded as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. In adults, NAFLD is a determinant of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk, independent of the metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to ascertain if NAFLD is associated with arterial stiffness, independent of cardiometabolic factors in a population‐based cohort of adolescents.

Hepatoprotective effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha/delta agonist, GFT505, in rodent models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Bart Staels, Anne Rubenstrunk, Benoit Noel, Géraldine Rigou, Philippe Delataille, Lesley J. Millatt, Morgane Baron, Anthony Lucas, Anne Tailleux, Dean W. Hum, Vlad Ratziu, Bertrand Cariou, Rémy Hanf – 22 May 2013 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. To date, no pharmacological treatment is approved for NAFLD/NASH.

Microbiota‐liver axis in hepatic disease

Benoit Chassaing, Lucie Etienne‐Mesmin, Andrew T. Gewirtz – 22 May 2013 – Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota, long appreciated to be a key determinant of intestinal inflammation, is also playing a key role in chronic inflammatory disease of the liver. Such studies have yielded a general central hypothesis whereby microbiota products activate the innate immune system to drive proinflammatory gene expression, thus promoting chronic inflammatory disease of the liver.

Polo‐like kinase 2 is a mediator of hedgehog survival signaling in cholangiocarcinoma

Christian D. Fingas, Joachim C. Mertens, Nataliya Razumilava, Svenja Sydor, Steven F. Bronk, John D. Christensen, Sumera H. Rizvi, Ali Canbay, Jürgen W. Treckmann, Andreas Paul, Alphonse E. Sirica, Gregory J. Gores – 22 May 2013 – Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells paradoxically express the death ligand tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and thus rely on potent survival signals to circumvent cell death by TRAIL. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is an important survival pathway in CCA.

Identification of intramural epithelial networks linked to peribiliary glands that express progenitor cell markers and proliferate after injury in mice

Frank DiPaola, Pranavkumar Shivakumar, Janet Pfister, Stephanie Walters, Gregg Sabla, Jorge A. Bezerra – 22 May 2013 – Peribiliary glands (PBGs) are clusters of epithelial cells residing in the submucosal compartment of extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBDs). Though their function is largely undefined, they may represent a stem cell niche. Here, we hypothesized that PBGs are populated by mature and undifferentiated cells capable of proliferation in pathological states.

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