Long‐term medical management of the pediatric patient after liver transplantation: 2013 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation

Deirdre A. Kelly, John C. Bucuvalas, Estella M. Alonso, Saul J. Karpen, Upton Allen, Michael Green, Douglas Farmer, Eyal Shemesh, Ruth A. McDonald – 9 July 2013

Endogenous signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is required for the protection of hepatocytes against warm ischemia/reperfusion injury

Lucy Xi Lou, Tadahiro Uemura, Haresh Mani, Chen Yang, Weiyi Li, Zakiyah Kadry, Samuel Shao‐Min Zhang – 9 July 2013 – Warm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a common clinical problem during liver transplantation and liver resection. Warm ischemia also occurs during trauma and shock. However, there is still no safe and promising strategy for protecting the liver from I/R injury. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a major immediate response molecule for protecting cell survival.

M2 Kupffer cells promote M1 Kupffer cell apoptosis: A protective mechanism against alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Jinghong Wan, Merieme Benkdane, Fatima Teixeira‐Clerc, Stéphanie Bonnafous, Alexandre Louvet, Fouad Lafdil, Françoise Pecker, Albert Tran, Philippe Gual, Ariane Mallat, Sophie Lotersztajn, Catherine Pavoine – 6 July 2013 – Alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD and NAFLD) are the predominant causes of liver‐related mortality in Western countries. We have shown that limiting classical (M1) Kupffer cell (KC) polarization reduces alcohol‐induced liver injury. Herein, we investigated whether favoring alternatively activated M2 KCs may protect against ALD and NAFLD.

Free cholesterol accumulation in hepatic stellate cells: Mechanism of liver fibrosis aggravation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice

Kengo Tomita, Toshiaki Teratani, Takahiro Suzuki, Motonori Shimizu, Hirokazu Sato, Kazuyuki Narimatsu, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chie Kurihara, Rie Irie, Hirokazu Yokoyama, Katsuyoshi Shimamura, Shingo Usui, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Hidetsugu Saito, Chikako Watanabe, Shunsuke Komoto, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Shigeaki Nagao, Kazuo Sugiyama, Ryota Hokari, Takanori Kanai, Soichiro Miura, Toshifumi Hibi – 6 July 2013 – Although nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with hypercholesterolemia, the underlying mechanisms of this association have not been clarified.

Hepatic cannabinoid‐1 receptors mediate diet‐induced insulin resistance by increasing de novo synthesis of long‐chain ceramides

Resat Cinar, Grzegorz Godlewski, Jie Liu, Joseph Tam, Tony Jourdan, Bani Mukhopadhyay, Judith Harvey‐White, George Kunos – 6 July 2013 – Obesity is associated with increased activity of two lipid signaling systems (endocannabinoids [ECs] and ceramides), with both being implicated in insulin resistance. Cannabinoid‐1 receptor (CB1R) antagonists reverse obesity and insulin resistance, but have psychiatric side effects.

Organized proteomic heterogeneity in colorectal cancer liver metastases and implications for therapies

Andrei Turtoi, Arnaud Blomme, Delphine Debois, Joan Somja, David Delvaux, Georgios Patsos, Emmanuel Valentin, Olivier Peulen, Eugène Nzaramba Mutijima, Edwin Pauw, Philippe Delvenne, Olivier Detry, Vincent Castronovo – 6 July 2013 – Tumor heterogeneity is a major obstacle for developing effective anticancer treatments. Recent studies have pointed to large stochastic genetic heterogeneity within cancer lesions, where no pattern seems to exist that would enable a more structured targeted therapy approach.

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