Lower liver‐related death in African‐American women with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection, compared to Caucasian and Hispanic women

Monika Sarkar, Peter Bacchetti, Audrey L. French, Phyllis Tien, Marshall J. Glesby, Marek Nowicki, Michael Plankey, Stephen Gange, Gerald Sharp, Howard Minkoff, Marion G. Peters, for the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) – 22 May 2012 – Among individuals with and without concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), racial/ethnic differences in the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been described. African Americans have lower spontaneous HCV clearance than Caucasians, yet slower rates of liver fibrosis once chronically infected.

Refinement of stopping rules during treatment of hepatitis C genotype 1 infection with boceprevir and peginterferon/ribavirin

Ira M. Jacobson, Patrick Marcellin, Stefan Zeuzem, Mark S. Sulkowski, Rafael Esteban, Fred Poordad, Savino Bruno, Margaret H. Burroughs, Lisa D. Pedicone, Navdeep Boparai, Weiping Deng, Mark J. DiNubile, Keith M. Gottesdiener, Clifford A. Brass, Janice K. Albrecht, Jean‐Pierre Bronowicki – 22 May 2012 – In comparison with peginterferon/ribavirin alone, boceprevir with peginterferon/ribavirin significantly improves sustained virological response (SVR) rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infections, but treatment failure remains a significant problem.

Risk of hip fracture associated with hepatitis c virus infection and hepatitis C/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection

Vincent Lo Re, Jessica Volk, Craig W. Newcomb, Yu‐Xiao Yang, Cristin P. Freeman, Sean Hennessy, Jay R. Kostman, Pablo Tebas, Mary B. Leonard, A. Russell Localio – 22 May 2012 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with reduced bone mineral density, but its association with fracture rates is unknown, particularly in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection.

Sustained virological response prevents the development of insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Alessio Aghemo, Gian Maria Prati, Maria Grazia Rumi, Roberta Soffredini, Roberta D'Ambrosio, Emanuela Orsi, Stella De Nicola, Elisabetta Degasperi, Valeria Grancini, Massimo Colombo – 22 May 2012 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with insulin resistance (IR), which is a condition known to influence the progression of liver fibrosis and the response to pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) therapy. We aimed to assess whether a sustained virological response (SVR) after antiviral therapy prevents the development of IR in the long term.

Patients transplanted for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are at increased risk for postoperative cardiovascular events

Lisa B. VanWagner, Manali Bhave, Helen S. Te, Joe Feinglass, Lisa Alvarez, Mary E. Rinella – 21 May 2012 – Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to compare the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events between patients transplanted for NASH and alcohol (ETOH)‐induced cirrhosis. This is a retrospective cohort study (August 1993 to March 2010) of 242 patients (115 NASH and 127 ETOH) with ≥12 months follow‐up after liver transplantation (LT). Those with hepatocellular carcinoma or coexisting liver diseases were excluded.

Interaction between intestinal dendritic cells and bacteria translocated from the gut in rats with cirrhosis

Leticia Muñoz, María José Borrero, María Ubeda, Margaret Lario, David Díaz, Rubén Francés, Jorge Monserrat, Óscar Pastor, Elia Aguado‐Fraile, José Such, Melchor Álvarez‐Mon, Agustín Albillos – 21 May 2012 – Cirrhosis with ascites is associated with a high rate of gut bacterial translocation (GBT) and spontaneous bacterial infections of enteric origin. We addressed the activation state and role of intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) in experimental ascitic cirrhosis and their relationship with GBT. Cirrhosis with ascites was CCl4 induced in rats.

Lower serum hepcidin and greater parenchymal iron in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with C282Y HFE mutations

James E. Nelson, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Kris V. Kowdley, for the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network – 21 May 2012 – Hepcidin regulation is linked to both iron and inflammatory signals and may influence iron loading in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among HFE genotype, serum hepcidin level, hepatic iron deposition, and histology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

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