Activation of liver X receptor increases acetaminophen clearance and prevents its toxicity in mice

Simrat P.S. Saini, Bin Zhang, Yongdong Niu, Mengxi Jiang, Jie Gao, Yonggong Zhai, Jung Hoon Lee, Hirdesh Uppal, Hui Tian, Michael A. Tortorici, Samuel M. Poloyac, Wenxin Qin, Raman Venkataramanan, Wen Xie – 2 December 2011 – Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP), the active ingredient of Tylenol, is the leading cause of drug‐induced acute liver failure in the United States. As such, it is necessary to develop novel strategies to prevent or manage APAP toxicity. In this report, we reveal a novel function of the liver X receptor (LXR) in preventing APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity.

Ribavirin pharmacokinetics and interleukin 28B plus cytochrome P450 27B1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms as predictors of response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin treatment in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1/4

Antonio D'Avolio, Alessia Ciancio, Marco Siccardi, Lorena Baietto, Marco Simiele, Giuseppe Cariti, Andrea Calcagno, Antonina Smedile, Jessica Cusato, Stefano Bonora, Mario Rizzetto, Giovanni Di Perri – 2 December 2011

Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A gene deletion disrupts hepatic very low‐density lipoprotein assembly in mice

Ainara Cano, Xabier Buqué, Maite Martínez‐Uña, Igor Aurrekoetxea, Ariane Menor, Juan L. García‐Rodríguez, Shelly C. Lu, M. Luz Martínez‐Chantar, José M. Mato, Begoña Ochoa, Patricia Aspichueta – 2 December 2011 – Very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion provides a mechanism to export triglycerides (TG) from the liver to peripheral tissues, maintaining lipid homeostasis. In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), VLDL secretion disturbances are unclear.

Hepatitis E

Rakesh Aggarwal, Shahid Jameel – 2 December 2011 – Hepatitis E refers to liver disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), a small, nonenveloped virus with a single‐stranded RNA genome. The virus has four genotypes, but only one serotype. Genotypes 1 and 2 exclusively infect humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 also infect pigs and several other mammalian species. Though HEV does not grow well in cell culture, several aspects of its biology and pathogenesis have been worked out using animal models and cell transfection studies, and by analogy with other related viruses.

Variants in ABCB1, TGFB1, and XRCC1 genes and susceptibility to viral hepatitis A infection in Mexican Americans

Lyna Zhang, Ajay Yesupriya, Dale J. Hu, Man‐huei Chang, Nicole F. Dowling, Renée M. Ned, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Mary Lou Lindegren, Yury Khudyakov – 2 December 2011 – Hepatitis A vaccination has dramatically reduced the incidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, but new infections continue to occur.

Economic model of a birth cohort screening program for hepatitis C virus

Lisa J. McGarry, Vivek S. Pawar, Hemangi R. Panchmatia, Jaime L. Rubin, Gary L. Davis, Zobair M. Younossi, James C. Capretta, Michael J. O'Grady, Milton C. Weinstein – 2 December 2011 – Recent research has identified high hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among older U.S. residents who contracted HCV decades ago and may no longer be recognized as high risk. We assessed the cost‐effectiveness of screening 100% of U.S.

Phospholipid transfer activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein produces apolipoprotein B and reduces hepatosteatosis while maintaining low plasma lipids in mice

Irani Khatun, Sebastian Zeissig, Jahangir Iqbal, Minghui Wang, David Curiel, Gregory S. Shelness, Richard S. Blumberg, M.Mahmood Hussain – 26 November 2011 – Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), essential for apolipoprotein B (apoB) biosynthesis, evolved as a phospholipid transfer protein and acquired triglyceride transfer activity during a transition from invertebrates to vertebrates. But it is unknown whether MTP directly transfers lipids onto apoB in vivo and, if it does, whether both neutral and polar lipid transfer activities of MTP are critical for lipoprotein assembly.

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