Karim C. El Kasmi, Aimee L. Anderson, Michael W. Devereaux, Sophie A. Fillon, J. Kirk Harris, Mark A. Lovell, Milton J. Finegold, Ronald J. Sokol – 26 November 2011 – Infants with intestinal failure who are parenteral nutrition (PN)‐dependent may develop cholestatic liver injury and cirrhosis (PN‐associated liver injury: PNALI). The pathogenesis of PNALI remains incompletely understood.

Bharath Nath, Gyongyi Szabo – 26 November 2011 – Hypoxia has been shown to have a role in the pathogenesis of several forms of liver disease. The hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulators that affect a homeostatic response to low oxygen tension and have been identified as key mediators of angiogenesis, inflammation, and metabolism. In this review we summarize the evidence for a role of HIFs across a range of hepatic pathophysiology.

Michael H. Nathanson – 26 November 2011

David B. Rein, Gretchen A. Stevens, Jordan Theaker, John S. Wittenborn, Steven T. Wiersma – 26 November 2011 – We estimated the global burden of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005. HEV is an emergent waterborne infection that causes source‐originated epidemics of acute disease with a case fatality rate thought to vary by age and pregnancy status.

Anna Albecka, Sandrine Belouzard, Anne Op de Beeck, Véronique Descamps, Lucie Goueslain, Justine Bertrand‐Michel, François Tercé, Gilles Duverlie, Yves Rouillé, Jean Dubuisson – 26 November 2011 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles are known to be in complex with lipoproteins. As a result of this interaction, the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) has been proposed as a potential entry factor for HCV; however, its implication in virus entry remains unclear.

Sidonie K. Hartridge‐Lambert, Eytan M. Stein, Arnold J. Markowitz, Carol S. Portlock – 26 November 2011 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a commonly transmitted infection that has both hepatic and extrahepatic repercussions. These range from the inflammatory to the oncologic with an undisputed link to hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Its role in the development of B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) is becoming better understood, leading to opportunities for research, therapy, and even prevention.

Jeremy S. Duffield – 26 November 2011

Supatsri Sethasine, Dhanpat Jain, Roberto J. Groszmann, Guadalupe Garcia‐Tsao – 23 November 2011 – We have previously shown, in a semiquantitative analysis of liver biopsies showing cirrhosis, that thickness of fibrous septa separating cirrhotic nodules and small size of cirrhotic nodules correlated independently with portal pressure (as determined by the hepatic venous pressure gradient; HVPG) and were independent predictors of the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension (PH).

Katrin Neumann, Nils Kruse, Balint Szilagyi, Ulrike Erben, Christine Rudolph, Anne Flach, Martin Zeitz, Alf Hamann, Katja Klugewitz – 23 November 2011 – Gut‐activated T cells migrating into the liver can cause extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. T cells acquire a gut‐homing phenotype dependent on retinoic acid (RA) provided by intestinal dendritic cells (DC). We investigated whether liver antigen‐presenting cells can induce gut tropism supporting an enterohepatic lymphocyte circulation.

Seanthan Senthilnathan, Khairuddin Memon, Robert J. Lewandowski, Laura Kulik, Mary F. Mulcahy, Ahsun Riaz, Frank H. Miller, Vahid Yaghmai, Paul Nikolaidis, Edward Wang, Talia Baker, Michael Abecassis, Al B. Benson, Reed A. Omary, Riad Salem – 23 November 2011 – Although most cancers are considered predominantly systemic processes, this may not hold true for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The literature regarding patterns of progression of HCC (local versus systemic) has been relatively sparse.