Guiying Li, Chang Han, Lihong Xu, Kyu Lim, Kumiko Isse, Tong Wu – 27 August 2009 – Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)–derived prostaglandins participate in a number of pathophysiological responses such as inflammation, carcinogenesis, and modulation of cell growth and survival. This study used complementary approaches of COX‐2 transgenic (Tg) and knockout (KO) mouse models to evaluate the mechanism of COX‐2 in Fas‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver failure in vivo. We generated Tg mice with targeted expression of COX‐2 in the liver by using the albumin promoter‐enhancer–driven vector.

Jan S. Tchorz, Jochen Kinter, Matthias Müller, Luigi Tornillo, Markus H. Heim, Bernhard Bettler – 27 August 2009 – Intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) development begins with the differentiation of hepatoblasts into a single continuous biliary epithelial cell (BEC) layer, called the ductal plate. During ductal plate remodeling, tubular structures arise at distinct sites of the ductal plate, forming bile ducts that dilate into the biliary tree.

Yusuf Yilmaz – 27 August 2009

Koji Fujita, Yuichi Nozaki, Koichiro Wada, Masato Yoneda, Yoko Fujimoto, Mihoyo Fujitake, Hiroki Endo, Hirokazu Takahashi, Masahiko Inamori, Noritoshi Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Kirikoshi, Kensuke Kubota, Satoru Saito, Atsushi Nakajima – 27 August 2009 – The specific mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis remain unknown. In the present study we investigated the differences between NAFL and NASH in terms of liver lipid metabolites and serum lipoprotein.

Christoph H. Österreicher, Kojiro Taura, Samuele De Minicis, Ekihiro Seki, Melitta Penz‐Österreicher, Yuzo Kodama, Johannes Kluwe, Manfred Schuster, Gavin Y. Oudit, Josef M. Penninger, David A. Brenner – 27 August 2009 – The renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in liver fibrosis. Recently, a homolog of angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme 1 (ACE1), termed ACE2, has been identified that appears to be a negative regulator of the RAS by degrading Ang II to Ang1‐7.

Kerry‐Lee Milner, Donald Chisholm, Jacob George – 27 August 2009

Rui Zhang, Lei Wang, An‐Gang Yang – 27 August 2009

Verena Keitel, Kenko Cupisti, Christoph Ullmer, Wolfram T. Knoefel, Ralf Kubitz, Dieter Häussinger – 27 August 2009 – TGR5 (Gpbar‐1) is a plasma membrane‐bound, G protein–coupled receptor for bile acids. TGR5 messenger RNA (mRNA) has been detected in many tissues, including rat cholangiocytes and mouse gallbladder. A role for TGR5 in gallstone formation has been suggested, because TGR5 knockout mice did not develop gallstones when fed a lithogenic diet. In this study, expression and localization of TGR5 was studied in human gallbladders.

Hussein Hassan Aly, Yue Qi, Kimie Atsuzawa, Nobuteru Usuda, Yasutsugu Takada, Masashi Mizokami, Kunitada Shimotohno, Makoto Hijikata – 27 August 2009 – We developed an in vitro system that can be used for the study of the life cycle of a wide variety of blood‐borne hepatitis C viruses (HCV) from various patients using a three‐dimensional hollow fiber culture system and an immortalized primary human hepatocyte (HuS‐E/2) cell line.

Deepak Darshan, Liviu Vanoaica, Larry Richman, Friedrich Beermann, Lukas C. Kühn – 27 August 2009 – Ferritin plays a central role in iron metabolism by acting both as iron storage and a detoxifying protein. We generated a ferritin H allele with loxP sites and studied the conditional ferritin H deletion in adult mice. Ten days after Mx‐Cre induced deletion, ferritin H messenger RNA (mRNA) was below 5% in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow of deleted mice compared to control littermates. Mice lost their cellular iron stores indicating the requirement of ferritin H in iron deposition.