Chethan Ashokkumar, Qing Sun, Ankit Gupta, Brandon W. Higgs, Tamara Fazzolare, Lisa Remaley, George Mazariegos, Kyle Soltys, Geoffrey Bond, Rakesh Sindhi – 29 July 2009 – Donor‐induced and third‐party–induced proliferation of T‐helper and T‐cytotoxic (Tc) cells and their naïve and memory subsets was evaluated simultaneously in single blood samples from 77 children who received steroid‐free liver transplantation (LTx) after induction with rabbit anti‐human thymocyte globulin.

Lian‐Li Ma, Xiudan Gao, Liping Liu, Zhidan Xiang, Timothy S. Blackwell, Philip Williams, Ravi S. Chari, Deng‐Ping Yin – 29 July 2009 – Liver allografts are spontaneously accepted in the liver transplantation mouse model; however, the basis for this tolerance and the conditions that abrogate spontaneous tolerance to liver allografts are incompletely understood. We examined the role of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) in triggering the liver inflammatory reaction and allograft rejection.

Pierre Emmanuel Stoebner, Cécile Fabre, Nelly EL Kabbaj, Michael Bismuth, Georges Philippe Pageaux, Laurent Meunier – 29 July 2009

Chiun Hsu, Shu‐Chen Wei, Ann‐Lii Cheng, Pei‐Jer Chen – 29 July 2009

Bingning Dong, Mohammed Qatanani, David D. Moore – 29 July 2009 – Untreated type 1 diabetes increases hepatic drug metabolism in both human patients and rodent models. We used knockout mice to test the role of the nuclear xenobiotic receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane and xenobiotic receptor (PXR) in this process. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetes resulted in increased expression of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s and also increased the clearance of the cytochrome P450 substrate zoxazolamine.

Maïté Lewin, Valérie Vilgrain, Violaine Ozenne, Maud Lemoine, Dominique Wendum, Valérie Paradis, Marianne Ziol, Lionel Arrivé, Michel Beaugrand, Raoul Poupon, Dominique Valla, Olivier Chazouillères, Christophe Corpechot – 29 July 2009 – The development of sclerosing cholangitis (SC) is observed in up to 50% of children followed up for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In adults, the prevalence is less known, although a recent study found evidence of SC in 10% of AIH patients using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).

Jon Cardinal, Pinhua Pan, Rajeev Dhupar, Mark Ross, Atsunori Nakao, Michael Lotze, Timothy Billiar, David Geller, Allan Tsung – 29 July 2009 – The nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important inflammatory mediator involved in the pathogenesis of liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Strategies aimed at preventing its release from stressed or damaged cells may be beneficial in preventing inflammation after I/R.

Bo Gao, Zhijian Duan, Wei Xu, Sidong Xiong – 29 July 2009 – Members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family are a part of the innate immune system to counter intracellular pathogens. TRIM22 has been reported to possess antiretroviral activity. Here we report that TRIM22 is involved in antiviral immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Our results showed that TRIM22, being a strongly induced gene by interferons in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, could inhibit HBV gene expression and replication in a cell culture system as well as in a mouse model system.

Hirofumi Uto, Sherri O. Stuver, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Kotaro Kumagai, Fumisato Sasaki, Shuji Kanmura, Masatsugu Numata, Akihiro Moriuchi, Susumu Hasegawa, Makoto Oketani, Akio Ido, Kazunori Kusumoto, Satoru Hasuike, Kenji Nagata, Michinori Kohara, Hirohito Tsubouchi – 29 July 2009 – The overall mortality of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has not been fully elucidated. This study analyzed mortality in subjects positive for antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV) in a community‐based, prospective cohort study conducted in an HCV hyperendemic area of Japan.

Carl F. Raetzsch, Natasha L. Brooks, J. McKee Alderman, Kelli S. Moore, Peter A. Hosick, Simon Klebanov, Shizuo Akira, James E. Bear, Albert S. Baldwin, Nigel Mackman, Terry P. Combs – 29 July 2009 – Acute exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can cause hypoglycemia and insulin resistance; the underlying mechanisms, however, are unclear.