Pretransplantation CD56+ innate lymphocyte populations associated with severity of hepatitis C virus recurrence

Hugo R. Rosen, Derek G. Doherty, Laura Madrigal‐Estebas, Cliona O'Farrelly, Lucy Golden‐Mason – 27 December 2007 – Cluster of differentiation (CD)56+ lymphocytes are believed to play important roles in the innate immune response to viral infections by production of interferon (IFN)‐γ and/or the recognition of virally infected cells, but their role in liver transplantation (LT) has not been characterized. Here, for the first time, we examine the phenotypic and functional features of these cells in patients undergoing LT for hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related liver failure.

Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus after liver transplantation in two patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus

Vishal Bhagat, Julie A. Foont, Eugene R. Schiff, Arie Regev – 27 December 2007 – Spontaneous resolution of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is exceedingly rare and poorly understood. As HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have shared routes of transmission, HCV coinfection is estimated to affect 15%‐30% of the HIV‐positive population. We report 2 patients with HCV‐HIV coinfection who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation at our center and had spontaneous clearance of their chronic HCV infection after transplantation without any anti‐HCV treatment.

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐β/δ protects against chemically induced liver toxicity in mice

Weiwei Shan, Christopher J. Nicol, Shinji Ito, Moses T. Bility, Mary J. Kennett, Jerrold M. Ward, Frank J. Gonzalez, Jeffrey M. Peters – 26 December 2007 – Potential functional roles for the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in skeletal muscle fatty acid catabolism and epithelial carcinogenesis have recently been described. Whereas PPARβ/δ is expressed in liver, its function in this tissue is less clear.

Lack of renal improvement with nonselective endothelin antagonism with tezosentan in type 2 hepatorenal syndrome

Florence Wong, Kevin Moore, Jasper Dingemanse, Rajiv Jalan – 26 December 2007 – Renal vasoconstriction is a key factor in the development of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and may be secondary to increased activities of endothelin‐1, a potent renal vasoconstrictor.

Type I, but not type II, interferon is critical in liver injury induced after ischemia and reperfusion

Yuan Zhai, Bo Qiao, Feng Gao, Xiuda Shen, Andrew Vardanian, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec‐Weglinski – 26 December 2007 – We have documented the key role of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation and its signaling pathway mediated by interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3, in the induction of inflammation leading to the hepatocellular damage during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Because type I IFN is the major downstream activation product of that pathway, we studied its role in comparison with IFN‐γ.

Increased mediastinal fat and impaired left ventricular energy metabolism in young men with newly found fatty liver

Gianluca Perseghin, Guido Lattuada, Francesco De Cobelli, Antonio Esposito, Elena Belloni, Georgia Ntali, Francesca Ragogna, Tamara Canu, Paola Scifo, Alessandro Del Maschio, Livio Luzi – 26 December 2007 – Fatty liver is characterized by metabolic abnormalities at the liver, but also at skeletal muscle and adipose tissue sites.

Minocycline and N‐methyl‐4‐isoleucine cyclosporin (NIM811) mitigate storage/reperfusion injury after rat liver transplantation through suppression of the mitochondrial permeability transition

Tom P. Theruvath, Zhi Zhong, Peter Pediaditakis, Venkat K. Ramshesh, Robert T. Currin, Andrey Tikunov, Ekhson Holmuhamedov, John J. Lemasters – 26 December 2007 – Graft failure after liver transplantation may involve mitochondrial dysfunction. We examined whether prevention of mitochondrial injury would improve graft function. Orthotopic rat liver transplantation was performed after 18 hours' cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution and treatment with vehicle, minocycline, tetracycline, or N‐methyl‐4‐isoleucine cyclosporin (NIM811) of explants and recipients.

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