Hepatocyte signaling through CXC chemokine receptor‐2 is detrimental to liver recovery after ischemia/reperfusion in mice

Satoshi Kuboki, Thomas Shin, Nadine Huber, Thorsten Eismann, Elizabeth Galloway, Rebecca Schuster, John Blanchard, Michael J. Edwards, Alex B. Lentsch – 26 September 2008 – CXC chemokines and their receptor, CXC chemokine receptor‐2 (CXCR2), are important components of the hepatic inflammatory response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, direct effects of CXC chemokines on hepatocytes during this response have not been studied. Wild‐type and CXCR2−/− mice were subjected to 90 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by up to 96 hours of reperfusion.

Treatment recommendations for chronic hepatitis B: An evaluation of current guidelines based on a natural history study in the United States

Myron John Tong, Carlos Hsien, Leeyen Hsu, Hai‐En Sun, Lawrence Mitchell Blatt – 26 September 2008 – Current guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B include hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status, levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values in the setting of either chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.

Utility of serum tumor markers, imaging, and biliary cytology for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Felicity B. Enders, Kevin C. Halling, Keith D. Lindor – 26 September 2008 – There is limited information on test performance for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), particularly when used sequentially. This study aimed to characterize diagnostic performance of serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9), ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, cholangiography, and biliary cytologic techniques for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in PSC.

C‐Myc and its target FoxM1 are critical downstream effectors of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) mediated direct liver hyperplasia

William E. Blanco‐Bose, Mark J. Murphy, Armin Ehninger, Sandra Offner, Christelle Dubey, Wendong Huang, David D. Moore, Andreas Trumpp – 26 September 2008 – In the adult liver, 1,4‐bis[2‐(3,5‐dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP), an agonist of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3), produces rapid hepatomegaly in the absence of injury. In this study, we identify c‐Myc as a gene induced by CAR and demonstrate that TCPOBOP‐induced proliferation of hepatocytes depends on c‐Myc function.

The G protein–coupled receptor G2A: Involvement in hepatic lipid metabolism and gallstone formation in mice

Laura E. Johnson, Marc S. Elias, David T. Bolick, Marcus D. Skaflen, Richard M. Green, Catherine C. Hedrick – 26 September 2008 – The G2A receptor is a member of the ovarian cancer G protein–coupled receptor 1 family of stress‐inducible G protein–coupled receptors. In this study, we examined the hepatobiliary effects of loss of function of G2A in mice fed either a chow or lithogenic diet.

Enhanced T cell transmigration across the murine liver sinusoidal endothelium is mediated by transcytosis and surface presentation of chemokines

Arnhild Schrage, Katja Wechsung, Katrin Neumann, Michael Schumann, Jörg‐Dieter Schulzke, Britta Engelhardt, Martin Zeitz, Alf Hamann, Katja Klugewitz – 26 September 2008 – Transmigration through the liver endothelium is a prerequisite for the homeostatic balance of intrahepatic T cells and a key regulator of inflammatory processes within the liver. Extravasation into the liver parenchyma is regulated by the distinct expression patterns of adhesion molecules and chemokines and their receptors on the lymphocyte and endothelial cell surface.

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