George Plitas, Bryan M. Burt, Jennifer A. Stableford, Hoang M. Nguyen, Alexander P. Welles, Ronald P. DeMatteo – 19 December 2007 – The liver harbors a diversity of cell types that have been reported to stimulate T cells. Although most hepatic dendritic cells are immature, a small population of CD11chigh conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) exists that expresses high levels of costimulatory molecules. We sought to determine the relative contribution of cDCs to cross‐presentation by the liver.

Matthew Wise, Stephanie Bialek, Lyn Finelli, Beth P. Bell, Frank Sorvillo – 19 December 2007 – The disease burden and mortality from hepatitis C are predicted to increase in the United States as the number of persons with long‐standing chronic infection grows. We analyzed hepatitis C mortality rates derived from US Census and multiple‐cause‐of‐death data for 1995‐2004.

Katarzyna Furrer, Yinghua Tian, Thomas Pfammatter, Wolfram Jochum, Ashraf Mohammad El‐Badry, Rolf Graf, Pierre‐Alain Clavien – 19 December 2007 – Two strategies are clinically available to induce selective hypertrophy of the liver: portal vein embolization (PVE) and portal vein ligation (PVL). The aim of this study was to compare the impact of PVE and PVL on liver regeneration. Rats were subjected to 70% PVL, 70% PVE, 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) (positive control), or sham operation (negative control).

Christopher M. Schonhoff, Henry Gillin, Cynthia R. L. Webster, M. Sawkat Anwer – 19 December 2007 – Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) stimulates translocation of Na+‐taurocholate (TC) cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) and multidrug resistant associated protein 2 (Mrp2) to the plasma membrane.

Heike Varnholt, Uta Drebber, Falko Schulze, Inga Wedemeyer, Peter Schirmacher, Hans‐Peter Dienes, Margarete Odenthal – 19 December 2007 – MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through translational repression or RNA degradation. Many fundamental biological processes are modulated by microRNAs, and an important role for microRNAs in carcinogenesis is emerging.

Alphonse E. Sirica, Zichen Zhang, Guan‐Hua Lai, Toru Asano, Xue‐Ning Shen, Deanna J. Ward, Arvind Mahatme, Jennifer L. DeWitt – 14 December 2007 – Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma typically presents in an advanced stage in which treatment options are limited. In an effort to recapitulate key biological and clinical features of the progressive disease, we established a novel rat model based on bile duct inoculation of rat cholangiocyte cell lines in different stages of tumor progression.

Jorge Gracia‐Sancho, Bàrbara Laviña, Aina Rodríguez‐Vilarrupla, Héctor García‐Calderó, Mercedes Fernández, Jaume Bosch, Joan‐Carles García‐Pagán – 10 December 2007 – In cirrhotic livers, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a major factor increasing intrahepatic vascular tone. In several vascular disorders, an increase in superoxide (O2−) has been shown to contribute to reduced NO bioavailability through its reaction with NO to form peroxynitrite. This study was aimed to test the hypothesis that, in cirrhotic livers, increased O2−, by reacting with NO, reduces NO bioavailability.

Harel Dahari, Alan S. Perelson – 28 November 2007

Sukru Emre, Ronen Arnon, Emil Cohen, Raffaella A. Morotti, Dmitriy Vaysman, Benjamin L. Shneider – 28 November 2007 – Congenital absence of portal vein and extrahepatic portocaval shunt, also referred to as an Abernethy type 1, is a rare malformation of the mesenteric vasculature. A 9‐year‐old girl presented with dyspnea on exertion and orthodeoxia. A diagnosis of an Abernethy malformation type 1b and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) was made, and she underwent auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT). Symptoms and signs of HPS resolved 2 months after the operation.

John A. Goss, Neal R. Barshes, W. Kenneth Washburn – 28 November 2007