The G‐protein coupled bile salt receptor TGR5 is expressed in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

Verena Keitel, Roland Reinehr, Petros Gatsios, Claudia Rupprecht, Boris Görg, Oliver Selbach, Dieter Häussinger, Ralf Kubitz – 26 February 2007 – Sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) constitute a permeable barrier between hepatocytes and blood. SEC are exposed to high concentrations of bile salts from the enterohepatic circulation. Whether SEC are responsive to bile salts is unknown. TGR5, a G‐protein–coupled bile acid receptor, which triggers cAMP formation, has been discovered recently in macrophages.

The model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD)

Patrick S. Kamath, W. Ray Kim – 26 February 2007 – The Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) was initially created to predict survival in patients with complications of portal hypertension undergoing elective placement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. The MELD which uses only objective variables was validated subsequently as an accurate predictor of survival among different populations of patients with advanced liver disease. The major use of the MELD score has been in allocation of organs for liver transplantation.

Protection against Fas‐induced liver apoptosis in transgenic mice expressing cyclooxygenase 2 in hepatocytes

Marta Casado, Belén Mollá, Rosa Roy, Amalia Fernández‐Martínez, Carme Cucarella, Rafael Mayoral, Lisardo Boscá, Paloma Martín‐Sanz – 26 February 2007 – Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is upregulated in many cancers, and the prostanoids synthesized increase proliferation, improve angiogenesis, and inhibit apoptosis in several tissues. To explore the function of COX‐2 in liver, transgenic (Tg) mice were generated containing a fusion gene (LIVhCOX‐2) consisting of human COX‐2 cDNA under the control of the human ApoE promoter.

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Massimo Primignani, Giovanni Barosi, Gaetano Bergamaschi, Umberto Gianelli, Federica Fabris, Raffaella Reati, Alessandra Dell'Era, Paolo Bucciarelli, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci – 26 February 2007

TRAIL/bortezomib cotreatment is potentially hepatotoxic but induces cancer‐specific apoptosis within a therapeutic window

Ronald Koschny, Tom M. Ganten, Jaromir Sykora, Tobias L. Haas, Martin R. Sprick, Armin Kolb, Wolfgang Stremmel, Henning Walczak – 26 February 2007 – Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) represents a novel promising anticancer biotherapeutic. However, TRAIL‐resistant tumor cells require combinatorial regimens to sensitize tumor but not normal cells for TRAIL‐induced apoptosis.

Vaccine‐induced early control of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees fails to impact on hepatic PD‐1 and chronicity

Christine S. Rollier, Glaucia Paranhos‐Baccala, Ernst J. Verschoor, Babs E. Verstrepen, Joost A. R. Drexhage, Zahra Fagrouch, Jean‐Luc Berland, Florence Komurian‐Pradel, Blandine Duverger, Nourredine Himoudi, Caroline Staib, Marcus Meyr, Mike Whelan, Joseph A. Whelan, Victoria A. Adams, Esther Larrea, José I. Riezu, Juan José Lasarte, Birke Bartosch, Francois‐L. Cosset, Willy J. M. Spaan, Helmut M. Diepolder, Gerd R. Pape, Gerd Sutter, Genevieve Inchauspe, Jonathan L.

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