Alexander Monto, Lorna M. Dove, Alan Bostrom, Sanjay Kakar, Phyllis C. Tien, Teresa L. Wright – 15 July 2005 – Liver disease in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) has received increasing attention in recent years. Steatosis is accepted as an important contributor to liver disease in patients with HCV, but despite coinfected patients having several reasons to have steatosis, the prevalence and significance of such changes has received scant attention.

Claudio E. Lagoa, Yoram Vodovotz, Donna B. Stolz, Franck Lhuillier, Carol McCloskey, David Gallo, Runkuan Yang, Elena Ustinova, Mitchell P. Fink, Timothy R. Billiar, Wendy M. Mars – 15 July 2005 – Hemorrhagic shock (HS) followed by resuscitation (HS‐R) is characterized by profound physiological changes. Even if the patient survives the initial blood loss, these poorly understood changes can lead to morbidity. One of the tissues most often affected is liver. We sought to recognize specific hepatic changes induced by this stressor to identify targets for therapeutic intervention.

15 July 2005

Feng Zhou, Maureen N. Ajuebor, Paul L. Beck, Tai Le, Cory M. Hogaboam, Mark G. Swain – 15 July 2005 – The CD154–CD40 interaction is a critical costimulatory pathway modulating the cellular immune response. Moreover, fulminant hepatitis of various etiologies is characterized by a hepatic influx of CD154‐expressing T cells and an upregulation of CD40 expression on Kupffer cells and hepatocytes, implicating this pathway in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis.

Steven C. Katz, Venu G. Pillarisetty, Joshua I. Bleier, T. Peter Kingham, Umer I. Chaudhry, Alaap B. Shah, Ronald P. DeMatteo – 15 July 2005 – The contribution of intrahepatic conventional T cells to the unique immunologic properties of the liver has not been clearly defined. We isolated bulk and CD4 T cells from mouse liver and compared their functions with each other and with their splenic counterparts. Unlike bulk spleen T cells, bulk liver T cells reacted minimally to allogeneic or antigen‐loaded syngeneic dendritic cells.

Carla W. Brady, Andrew J. Muir – 15 July 2005

Saul J. Karpen – 15 July 2005

Michelle Embree‐Ku, Philip A. Gruppuso – 15 July 2005 – During the last 3 days of fetal development in the rodent, a burst of hepatocyte proliferation results in a tripling of liver size. Despite stimulation of mitogenesis via multiple signaling pathways, including some that are considered stress response pathways, little apoptosis accompanies this cell growth.

Ewan Forrest, Saket Singhal, Geoffrey Haydon, Christopher Day, Neil Fisher, Alison Brind, Peter Hayes – 15 July 2005

Christine Rösler, Josef Köck, Michael Kann, Michael H. Malim, Hubert E. Blum, Thomas F. Baumert, Fritz von Weizsäcker – 15 July 2005 – APOBEC3G is a cellular cytidine deaminase displaying broad antiretroviral activity. Recently, it was shown that APOBEC3G can also suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) production in human hepatoma cells. In the present study, we characterized the mechanisms of APOBEC‐mediated antiviral activity against HBV and related hepadnaviruses. We show that human APOBEC3G blocks HBV production in mammalian and nonmammalian cells and is active against duck HBV as well.