Patrick T.F. Kennedy, Simonetta Urbani, Rebecca A. Moses, Barbara Amadei, Paola Fisicaro, Jilly Lloyd, Mala K. Maini, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Carlo Ferrari, Antonio Bertoletti – 22 February 2006 – Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific T cell response after exposure to hepatitis C in anti‐HCV–positive or anti‐HCV–negative patients has been associated with an ability to successfully control the infection. However, cross‐reactivity between common human pathogens and HCV sequences has been demonstrated.

Christoph Neumann‐Haefelin, Susan McKiernan, Scott Ward, Sergei Viazov, Hans Christian Spangenberg, Thomas Killinger, Thomas F. Baumert, Natalja Nazarova, Isabelle Sheridan, Oliver Pybus, Fritz von Weizsäcker, Michael Roggendorf, Dermot Kelleher, Paul Klenerman, Hubert E. Blum, Robert Thimme – 22 February 2006 – Virus‐specific CD8+ T cell responses play an important role in the natural course of infection; however, the impact of certain CD8+ T cell responses in determining clinical outcome has not been fully defined.

Yves Benhamou, Herve Fleury, Pascale Trimoulet, Isabelle Pellegrin, Renaud Urbinelli, Christine Katlama, Willy Rozenbaum, Gwenael Le Teuff, Aldo Trylesinski, Christophe Piketty – 22 February 2006 – Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has shown in vitro activity against both HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV). We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of TDF (300 mg/d), administered as a part of anti‐retroviral therapy, in a large cohort of HIV/HBV‐coinfected patients.

Yoshihiro Ikura, Masahiko Ohsawa, Takehisa Suekane, Hiroko Fukushima, Hiroyuki Itabe, Hisato Jomura, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Takeshi Inoue, Takahiko Naruko, Shoichi Ehara, Norifumi Kawada, Tetsuo Arakawa, Makiko Ueda – 22 February 2006 – Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is considered to be a hepatic manifestation of various metabolic disorders. However, its precise pathogenic mechanism is obscure. Oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation seem to play a pivotal role in disease progression.

Flavia Bortolotti, Maria Guido, Samuela Bartolacci, Paolo Cadrobbi, Carlo Crivellaro, Franco Noventa, Giulia Morsica, Maria Moriondo, Angelo Gatta – 22 February 2006 – Chronic hepatitis B is usually a benign disease in Caucasian children; however, the long‐term prognosis remains unsettled. This report describes the results of a 29‐year longitudinal study including 99 white children with chronic hepatitis B, mainly acquired horizontally: 91 were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive (4 had cirrhosis), and 8 were HBeAg negative at presentation.

Zhaorui Lian, Jie Liu, Li Li, Xianxing Li, Marcy Clayton, Meng‐Chao Wu, Hong‐Yang Wang, Patrick Arbuthnot, Michael Kew, Daiming Fan, Mark A. Feitelson – 22 February 2006 – Intrahepatic expression of hepatitis B x antigen (HBxAg) is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), perhaps through trans‐activation of selected cellular genes. When this was examined by PowerBlot analysis, upregulated levels of β‐catenin and several known β‐catenin effectors were observed in HBxAg‐positive compared with HBxAg‐negative HepG2 cells.

Takashi Kaizu, Atsushi Ikeda, Atsunori Nakao, Yoshihito Takahashi, Allan Tsung, Junichi Kohmoto, Hideyoshi Toyokawa, Lifang Shao, Brian T. Bucher, Koji Tomiyama, Michael A. Nalesnik, Noriko Murase, David A. Geller – 22 February 2006 – The exact role of inducible NOS (iNOS) in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is controversial. This study was designed to investigate whether donor liver pretreatment with adenovirus encoding iNOS (AdiNOS) ameliorates I/R injury associated with liver transplantation.

Jessica Zucman‐Rossi, Emmanuelle Jeannot, Jeanne Tran Van Nhieu, Jean‐Yves Scoazec, Catherine Guettier, Sandra Rebouissou, Yannick Bacq, Emmanuelle Leteurtre, Valérie Paradis, Sophie Michalak, Dominique Wendum, Laurence Chiche, Monique Fabre, Lucille Mellottee, Christophe Laurent, Christian Partensky, Denis Castaing, Elie Serge Zafrani, Pierre Laurent‐Puig, Charles Balabaud, Paulette Bioulac‐Sage – 22 February 2006 – Hepatocellular adenomas are benign tumors that can be difficult to diagnose.

Jayant A. Talwalkar, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis – 22 February 2006

Satdarshan P. S. Monga – 22 February 2006