John T. Brooling, Jean S. Campbell, Claudia Mitchell, George C. Yeoh, Nelson Fausto – 29 March 2005 – Hepatocytes and intrahepatic progenitor cells (oval cells) have similar responses to most growth factors but rarely proliferate together. Oval cells constitute a reserve compartment that is activated when hepatocyte proliferation is inhibited. Interferon γ (IFN‐γ) increases in liver injury that involves oval cell responses, but it is not upregulated during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Priska Kaufmann, Michael Török, Anya Hänni, Paul Roberts, Rodolfo Gasser, Stephan Krähenbühl – 29 March 2005 – Treatment with benzarone or benzbromarone can be associated with hepatic injury. Both drugs share structural similarities with amiodarone, a well‐known mitochondrial toxin. Therefore, we investigated the hepatotoxicity of benzarone and benzbromarone as well as the analogues benzofuran and 2‐butylbenzofuran. In isolated rat hepatocytes, amiodarone, benzarone, and benzbromarone (20 μmol/L) decreased mitochondrial membrane potential by 23%, 54% or 81%, respectively.

Jorge A. Marrero, Robert J. Fontana, Ashley Barrat, Frederick Askari, Hari S. Conjeevaram, Grace L. Su, Anna S. Lok – 28 March 2005 – Currently there is no consensus as to which staging system is best in predicting the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aims of this study were to identify independent predictors of survival and to compare 7 available prognostic staging systems in patients with HCC. A total of 239 consecutive patients with cirrhosis and HCC seen between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003, were included.

Niels G. Venneman, Willem Renooij, Jens F. Rehfeld, Gerard P. vanBerge‐Henegouwen, Peter M. N. Y. H. Go, Ivo A. M. J. Broeders, Karel J. van Erpecum – 25 March 2005 – Acute pancreatitis is a severe complication of gallstones with considerable mortality. We sought to explore the potential risk factors for biliary pancreatitis.

Hiroshi Kamitsukasa, Hideharu Harada, Hideo Tanaka, Michiyasu Yagura, Hajime Tokita, Akira Ohbayashi – 25 March 2005 – Although several cohort studies have been reported in individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, little is known about liver‐related mortality among the elderly. We conducted a cohort study in 302 patients with tuberculosis sequelae who had received a blood transfusion at a young age and had subsequently been treated at a chest clinic.

Andrew D. Clouston, Elizabeth E. Powell, Meagan J. Walsh, Michelle M. Richardson, A. Jake Demetris, Julie R. Jonsson – 25 March 2005 – The mechanisms for progressive fibrosis and exacerbation by steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) are still unknown. We hypothesized that proliferative blockade in HCV‐infected and steatotic hepatocytes results in the default activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPC), capable of differentiating into both biliary and hepatocyte lineages, and that the resultant ductular reaction promotes portal fibrosis.

Tadashi Ikegami, Yasushi Matsuzaki, Sugano Fukushima, Junichi Shoda, Jean Luc Olivier, Bernard Bouscarel, Naomi Tanaka – 25 March 2005 – Phospholipase A2 IIA (PLA2IIA), which plays a crucial role in arachidonic acid metabolism and in inflammation, is upregulated under various pathological conditions, including in the gallbladder and gallbladder bile from patients with multiple cholesterol gallstones, in the liver and kidney of rats with cirrhosis, as well as in the colonic tissue of animals treated with a chemical carcinogen.

Mary Pat McAndrews, Karl Farcnik, Peter Carlen, Andrei Damyanovich, Mirela Mrkonjic, Susan Jones, E. Jenny Heathcote – 25 March 2005 – Neurocognitive morbidity has been reported in individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the magnitude of such dysfunction in the absence of disease‐correlated factors known to affect the central nervous system (e.g., substance abuse, cirrhosis, depression, interferon treatment) and the impact of any such change on functioning is unclear.

Suheeta Roy, Hideyuki Hyogo, Suresh K. Yadav, Michele K. Wu, Linda A. Jelicks, Joseph D. Locker, Philippe G. Frank, Michael P. Lisanti, David L. Silver, David E. Cohen – 25 March 2005 – Human obesity is associated with abnormal hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and resistance to leptin action. Because leptin administration to rodents promotes the biliary elimination of plasma cholesterol, this study was designed to elucidate a pathophysiological role for leptin during the development of obesity. We fed mice diets containing high or low saturated fat contents.

Benjamin L. Shneider, Piero Rinaldo, Sukru Emre, John Bucuvalas, Robert Squires, Michael Narkewicz, Gabriel Gondolesi, Margret Magid, Raffaella Morotti, Linda S. Hynan – 24 March 2005 – The etiology of acute liver failure in children is unknown in a large number of cases. Defects in fatty acid oxidation have been shown to lead to severe liver injury. This retrospective analysis examined the bile acylcarnitine profiles of 27 children with acute liver failure who underwent liver transplantation or died.