G Dusheiko – 30 December 2003 – Alpha interferons have been used widely to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection. These include recombinant interferons, purified natural leukocyte, and lymphoblastoid interferons. Alpha interferon is administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection either daily or three times weekly for a period of 6 to as long as 24 months. A wide array of adverse effects of α interferon have been described. Several side effects such as fever, headache fatigue, arthralgias, and myalgias are common, especially with the initial injections.

W F Carman, F J Van Deursen, L T Mimms, D Hardie, R Coppola, R Decker, R Sanders – 30 December 2003 – Three assays, one based on monoclonal antibodies and the others on polyclonal antibodies, were employed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐reactive samples in both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations in areas of the world where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic.

K Fujiwara, O Yokosuka, T Ehata, F Imazeki, H Saisho, M Miki, M Omata – 30 December 2003 – The diagnosis of type A hepatitis is performed mainly by immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti‐hepatitis A antibody assay, but it has not been established whether there is a correlation between changes in viremia and the clinical course of type A hepatitis. We examined hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA in the sera from type A and non‐A, non‐B, non‐C acute hepatitis and analyzed the relation of HAV viremia with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and IgM‐HA levels.

S L Nyberg – 30 December 2003

G Fattovich, G Giustina, G Realdi, R Corrocher, S W Schalm – 30 December 2003 – The aim of this study was to evaluate whether interferon alfa (IFN‐α) treatment‐associated virological and biochemical remission improves survival in a cohort of 90 white patients with compensated cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B (Child A) followed for a mean period of 7 years. Inclusion criteria were biopsy‐proven cirrhosis, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity, abnormal serum aminotransferase levels, exclusion of hepatitis delta virus, and absence of complications of cirrhosis.

V M Factor, M R Jensen, S S Thorgeirsson – 30 December 2003 – We have recently shown that overexpression of c‐myc and transforming growth factor α (TGF‐α) in the liver of double‐transgenic mice results in severe DNA damage, aberrant hepatic growth, and development of tumors at a much younger age than that observed in c‐myc single‐ transgenic mice. We now report that double‐transgenic TGF‐α/c‐myc hepatocytes rapidly lose their ability to proliferate upon mitogenic stimulation following partial hepatectomy (PH).

E Lotterer, J Hogel, W Gaus, W E Fleig, J Bircher – 30 December 2003 – Quantitative liver function tests such as the determination of galactose elimination capacity (GEC) or the aminopyrine breath test (ABT) may have the potential to serve as refined entry criteria and surrogate markers for end‐points in controlled clinical trials. The magnitude of a statistically detectable difference in test results and the period of observation required to document such a difference must be known to properly design such trials.

F Holzinger, C D Schteingart, H Ton‐Nu, S A Eming, M J Monte, L R Hagey, A F Hofmann – 30 December 2003 – Studies were performed to characterize hepatic and intestinal transport, as well as biotransformation during transport, of a spectrum of fluorescent bile acids containing a fluorophore attached to the side chain.

C M Schmidt, I H McKillop, P A Cahill, J V Sitzmann – 30 December 2003 – Alterations in the expression and activity of guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G proteins) have been linked to the growth of several human tumors. We hypothesized that the expression and activity of G proteins are altered in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of Gi and Gs proteins was determined in six human tumors and six normal controls (adjacent nonneoplastic liver) by Western blotting using specific antisera raised against the α subunit of G proteins Gi1, Gi1‐2, Gi3, and Gs.

A G Upadhya, R P Harvey, T K Howard, J A Lowell, S Shenoy, S M Strasberg – 30 December 2003 – Previous studies have determined that proteases are important in cold preservation injury to the liver. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in cold preservation injury. Effluents were collected from rat livers after various periods of preservation either in Eurocollins solution or in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Effluents were also collected from 17 human donor livers stored in UW solution.