R G Lee, A C Tsamandas, A J Demetris – 30 December 2003 – Large cell change (LCC), characterized by cellular enlargement, nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromasia, and multinucleation of hepatocytes, is a common lesion in cirrhotic livers, but its nature, significance, and pathogenesis remain uncertain.

Y Horie, R Wolf, J Russell, T P Shanley, D N Granger – 30 December 2003 – Kupffer cells (KCs) have been implicated in the leukocyte recruitment and microvascular dysfunction associated with liver inflammation. The overall objective of this study was to assess the role of KCs in the leukocyte adhesion and oxidative stress elicited in the liver by gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Y Iimuro, R M Gallucci, M I Luster, H Kono, R G Thurman – 30 December 2003 – Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, a pivotal cytokine involved in inflammation, is produced primarily by Kupffer cells in the liver. It has been shown that inactivation of Kupffer cells prevents alcohol‐induced liver injury; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if neutralizing anti‐TNF‐α antibody is also effective. Male Wistar rats were exposed to ethanol (11 to 12 g · kg‐1 · d‐1) continuously for up to 4 weeks via intragastric feeding using an enteral feeding model.

A S Lok, N T Gunaratnam – 30 December 2003 – Currently, the second‐ and third‐generation enzyme immunoassays (EIA‐2 and EIA‐3) for hepatitis C virus antibody (anti‐HCV) are the most practical screening tests for the diagnosis of HCV infection. The need for and the choice of supplementary or confirmatory tests depend on the clinical setting and the likelihood of a true‐positive EIA result. Detection of HCV RNA in serum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay is the gold standard for the diagnosis of HCV infection.

K L Lindsay – 30 December 2003 – Based on the first decade of research on α interferon in viral hepatitis, one can conclude that up to 40% of patients with compensated chronic hepatitis C and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels will respond at least transiently to interferon. Four forms of α interferon have been evaluated in large numbers of patients with chronic hepatitis C: alfa‐2b, alfa‐2a, alfa‐n1, and consensus interferon (CIFN).

P Marcellin, S Levy, S Erlinger – 30 December 2003 – An important group of patients with chronic hepatitis C have normal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels despite having hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA detectable in serum. These patients are typically identified after donating blood and being found to be positive for antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV). A strict definition of this patient population is needed, which should include presence of anti‐HCV, HCV RNA detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and persistently normal ALT levels.

George H. Elder, Mark Worwood – 30 December 2003

Stephen A. Locarnini – 30 December 2003

Takeshi Suda, Osamu Isokawa, Yutaka Aoyagi, Minoru Nomoto, Kazuhiro Tsukada, Takeaki Shimizu, Yasufumi Suzuki, Akira Naito, Hirotaka Igarashi, Masahiko Yanagi, Toru Takahashi, Hitoshi Asakura – 30 December 2003 – Because telomerase activity is necessary for cell immortality and probably associated with tumor progression, we have evaluated a possible aid for quantitation of the activity to predict intrahepatic recurrences after surgery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC tissues obtained by surgical resection from 20 patients were studied.

Bryon E. Petersen, Julie P. Goff, Joel S. Greenberger, George K. Michalopoulos – 30 December 2003 – Hepatic oval cells (HOC) are a small subpopulation of cells found in the liver when hepatocyte proliferation is inhibited and followed by some type of hepatic injury. HOC can be induced to proliferate using a 2‐acetylaminofluorene (2‐AAF)/hepatic injury (i.e., CCl4 , partial hepatectomy [PHx]) protocol. These cells are believed to be bipotential, i.e., able to differentiate into hepatocytes or bile ductular cells.