n‐Butyrate induces plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 messenger RNA in cultured Hep G2 cells

T J Smith, J J Piscatelli, V Andersen, H Wang, P Lance – 1 April 1996 – n‐Butyrate, a short‐chain aliphatic carboxylic acid with pleiotropic actions, is present at high concentrations in the portal circulation and thus may play an important role in the regulation of specific gene expression in the mammalian liver. We report here that n‐butyrate can increase substantially the level of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) messenger RNA (mRNA) in Hep G2 cells, up to eightfold above control cultures.

Synthesis of insulinlike growth factor binding proteins and of the acid‐labile subunit in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, of Kupffer cells, and in cocultures: Regulation by insulin, insulinlike growth factor, and growth hormone

J Scharf, G Ramadori, T Braulke, H Hartmann – 1 April 1996 – The adult liver is the main source of circulating insulinlike growth factors (IGFs) and their serum binding proteins (IGFBPs) including the acid‐labile subunit (ALS), a component of the ternary binding protein complex. Within the liver, the biosynthesis of individual proteins has been attributed to different cell populations, e.g., that of ALS to hepatocytes and that of IGFBP‐3 to nonparenchymal cells.

The role of a purinergic P2z receptor in calcium‐dependent cell killing of isolated rat hepatocytes by extracellular adenosine triphosphate

J P Zoetewij, B van de Water, H J de Bont, J F Nagelkerke – 1 April 1996 – Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATPo) (0.4 mmol/L), a P2‐purinergic receptor agonist, induces cytolysis in several cell types including isolated rat hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated the P2‐receptor involved in ATPo‐induced, Ca2+‐dependent cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with oxidized ATP, a P2z‐receptor antagonist, or complexation of ATP4− (the agonist for the P2z‐receptor) with an excess of Mg2+, prevented ATPo‐induced cell death.

Adenine arabinoside monophosphate coupled to lactosaminated human albumin administered for 4 weeks in patients with chronic type B hepatitis decreased viremia without producing significant side effects

M T Cerenzia, L Fiume, W De Bernardi Venon, B Lavezzo, M R Brunetto, A Ponzetto, G Di Stefano, C Busi, A Mattioli, G B Gervasi, F Bonino, G Verme – 1 April 1996 – A conjugate of adenine arabinoside monophosphate (ara‐AMP) with the liver‐targeting molecule lactosaminated human serum albumin (L‐HSA) was administered by intravenous infusion for 28 days to eight patients with chronic type B hepatitis. The daily dose varied among the patients, ranging from 34 mg/kg to 53 mg/kg (equal to 1.5 and 2.3 mg/kg ara‐AMP, respectively).

Prospective assessment of donor blood screening for antibody to hepatitis C virus by first‐ and second‐generation assays as a means of preventing posttransfusion hepatitis

S Takano, K Nakamura, S Kawai, O Yokosuka, Y Satomura, M Omata – 1 April 1996 – In November 1989, the Japanese Red Cross began screening blood donors for the hepatitis C virus antibody (anti‐HCV) by first‐generation assay and high‐titer hepatitis B virus core antigen antibody. A significant reduction in the incidence of acute posttransfusion hepatitis was reported; however, the incidence still ranged from 2% to 4%. The Red Cross changed to the second‐generation assay in February 1992, the objective being the complete elimination of potential posttransfusion hepatitis.

Kupffer cell inactivation prevents lipopolysaccharide‐induced structural changes in the rat liver sinusoid: An electron‐microscopic study

T G Sarphie, N B D'Souza, I V Deaciuc – 1 April 1996 – Scanning and transmission electron‐microscopic examination of the rat liver sinusoid was performed in this study after in vivo treatment of rats with gram‐negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/Kg(‐1) body weight), with or without pretreatment with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3 10 mg/Kg−1 body weight).

Assessment of microchimerism in rat liver transplantation by polymerase chain reaction

H Tashiro, Y Fukuda, A Kimura, S Hoshino, H Ito, K Dohi – 1 April 1996 – Mixed chimerism has been demonstrated in organ transplant recipients surviving over a long period. However, little is known about the fate and movements of donor cells following liver transplantation. In this study, using rat male‐to‐female liver transplantation, we assessed microchimerism by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A PCR specific for the Y‐chromosome (sex‐determining region Y [Sry]) allowed the distinction of small amounts of male cells in a large excess of female cells.

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