Mark G. Swain – 1 September 1994 – Endogenous opioids, including methionine enkephalin, have been implicated in the control of adrenocorticotrophic hormone release by acting through mu‐opiate receptors in the hypothalamus. Recently, alterations in the central opioid system have been postulated to occur in cholestasis.
Hiroyuki Yamashita, Kenneth D. R. Setchell – 1 September 1994 – Significant amounts of oxo and sulfated bile acids are excreted in the urine of patients with cholestatic liver diseases, but these bile acid species are found only in traces in bile. Several possible explanations for this finding include poor canalicular secretion, rapid biotransformation by oxidoreduction and extrahepatic sulfation of oxo bile acids.
Frank Iber – 1 September 1994
T. Jake Liang, M. Sawkat Anwer – 1 September 1994 – A high incidence of community‐acquired hepatitis C virus infection that can lead to the progressive development of chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma occurs throughout the world. A vaccine to control the spread of this agent that represents a major cause of chronic liver disease is therefore needed.
Jordi Bruix, Antoni Castells, Xavier Montanyà, Xavier Calvet, Concepció Brü, Carmen Ayuso, Lluís Jover, Laura García, Ramon Vilana, Loreto Boix, Joan Rodés – 1 September 1994 – Our uncontrolled phase II study was aimed at assessing the efficacy of transarterial embolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and to determine the parameters associated with a favorable response to treatment, improved survival or both. Fifty consecutive patients (25 corresponding to Okuda's stage I and 25 to stage II) with hepatocellular carcinoma (41 being multinodular or massive) were included.
K. Sandy Pang, Igor A. Sherman, Andreas J. Schwab, Wanping Geng, Ford Barker, John A. Dlugosz, Guy Cuerrier, Carl A.
Eric A. Argao, William F. Balistreri, Bruce W. Hollis, Frederick C. Ryckman, James E. Heubi – 1 September 1994 – Almost all infants and children with chronic cholestasis have osteopenia. We evaluated the effect of orthotopic liver transplantation on bone mineral content and serum 25(OH)‐vitamin D–[25(OH)D]–of nine infants and children (five girls; age, 6 to 21 mo at the time of orthotopic liver transplantation) with end‐stage liver disease resulting from chronic cholestasis.
Peter R. Sinclair, William J. Bement, John F. Healey, Nadia Gorman, Jacqueline F. Sinclair, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Heng H. Liem, Ursula Muller‐Eberhard – 1 September 1994 – The serum protein hemopexin is considered to have a major role in the mechanism of the uptake of heme by hepatocytes by means of a heme‐hemopexin receptor.
Keril Blight, Richard R. Lesniewski, Justin T. Labrooy, Eric J. Gowans – 1 September 1994 – Hepatitis C virus antigen expression was examined using peptide antibodies in liver tissue taken at biopsy from four chronic carriers of hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis C virus antigens E2/NS1, NS3, NS4 and NS5 were widespread in unfixed frozen liver sections and were present as distinct granules or foci within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and in infiltrating lymphocytes in portal tracts.
Shinichi Iwamura, Hideaki Enzan, Toshiji Saibara, Saburo Onishi, Yasutake Yamamoto – 1 September 1994 – Sinusoidal “inclusion‐containing endothelial cells” were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically in various liver diseases, and their clinical importance was investigated. A total of 498 needle liver biopsies were examined. Endothelial inclusions inside the cells were recognized as eosinophilic granules in hematoxylin‐eosin‐stained sections. Electron microscopy showed that these inclusions corresponded to round cytoplasmic dense bodies with a single limiting membrane.