Peter Ott, Susanne Keiding, Ludvik Bass – 1 December 1993 – Indocyanine green is used to estimate liver blood flow rate and hepatic intrinsic clearance. However, its use as a test substance for studies of liver function has been limited by two puzzling kinetic observations: a biexponential plasma decay after bolus injection with an extremely slow late phase and an apparently steadily decreasing clearance value during constant infusion. These observations have been made with spectrophotometric concentration analysis.

Mikihiro Tsutsumi, Yoshiro Matsuda, Akira Takada – 1 December 1993 – Cytochrome P‐450 2E1 is a specific isozyme of cytochrome P‐450 induced by ethanol. P‐450 2E1 may also be the only enzyme that metabolizes N‐nitrosodimethylamine at a very low concentration. Because N‐nitrosodimethylamine is a procarcinogen, the possibility that induction of P‐450 2E1 by alcohol abuse may accelerate the carcinogenic action of a very small dose of N‐nitrosodimethylamine should be considered.

Eric M. Webber, Mark J. Fitzgerald, Pamela I. Brown, Molly H. Bartlett, Nelson Fausto – 1 December 1993 – Transforming growth factor‐α and hepatocyte growth factor are important stimulators of hepatocyte proliferation. In this series of experiments we sought to measure the expression of transforming growth factor‐α mRNA by hepatocytes in response to toxic liver injury produced by carbon tetrachloride or galactosamine and to perform a more detailed analysis of transforming growth factor‐α expression after partial hepatectomy.

Koji Manabe, Peter T. Donaldson, James A. Underhill, Derek G. Doherty, Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani, Ian G. McFarlane, Adrian L. W. F. Eddleston, Roger Williams – 1 December 1993 – Genetic susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis is associated with the human leukocyte antigen haplotype A1‐B8‐DR3 and DR4. To date, only one study in Japan has considered the human leukocyte antigen DP locus in this disease, and no studies have been reported in whites.

Peter Widler, Hans U. Fisch, Peter Schoch, Arthur Zimmermann, Thomas E. Schläpfer, Jürg Reichen – 1 December 1993 – Increased levels of natural benzodiazepine receptor agonists, produced in the body (endogenous) or ingested with food (exogenous) have been proposed as one of the factors causing hepatic encephalopathy in both experimental animals and human subjects. However, the divergent response of hepatic encephalopathy to benzodiazepine antagonists sheds doubt on this attractive hypothesis.

Makoto Nakamuta, Masao Ohashi, Yuichi Tanabe, Kaichiro Hiroshige, Hajime Nawata – 1 December 1993 – Plasma myeloperoxidase levels in patients with cirrhosis were compared with those in patients with chronic hepatitis and healthy controls by means of a specific radioimmunoassay for myeloperoxidase. The mean concentration of plasma myeloperoxidase in cirrhotic patients (309.1 ± 17.2 ng/ml, n = 41) was markedly higher than that in chronic hepatitis patients (222.6 ± 17.2 ng/ml, n = 21) (p < 0.01) and normal controls (219.5 ± 5.7 ng/ml, n = 50) (p < 0.01).

Gerhard P. Püschel, Ursula Hespeling, Martin Oppermann, Peter Dieter – 1 December 1993 – Human anaphylatoxin C3a increases glycogenolysis in perfused rat liver. This action is inhibited by prostanoid synthesis inhibitors and prostanoid antagonists. Because prostanoids but not anaphylatoxin C3a can increase glycogenolysis in hepatocytes, it has been proposed that prostanoid formation in nonparenchymal cells represents an important step in the C3a‐dependent increase in hepatic glycogenolysis.

Ulrich Marti – 1 December 1993 – In the aged liver, cell proliferation and induction of DNA synthesis by epidermal growth factor is impaired. Changes in the hepatic handling of epidermal growth factor may be important for these effects. I compared epidermal growth factor handling in the livers of young and old rats. Epidermal growth factor binding capacity of plasma membranes was reduced from 1.30 ± 0.15 to 0.51 ± 0.19 pmol/mg in young and old animals, respectively.

Janet Quinn, Austin G. Diamond, Jeremy M. Palmer, Margaret F. Bassendine, Oliver F. W. James, Stephen J. Yeaman – 1 December 1993 – Approximately 95% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have antimitochondrial antibodies against the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (E2p). Immunodominant sites on E2p have been localized to the inner lipoyl domain, which serves as a covalent attachment site for the essential cofactor, lipoic acid. However, it is not clear whether the presence of lipoic acid is necessary for autoimmune recognition of human E2p.

Giorgio Saracco, Floriano Rosina, Maria Lorena Abate, Livio Chiandussi, Vittorio Gallo, Elena Cerutti, Angelo Di Napoli, Antonio Solinas, Angelo Deplano, Andreina Tocco, Pierangela Cossu, David Chien, George Kuo, Alan Polito, Amy J. Weiner, Michael Houghton, Giorgio Verme, Ferruccio Bonino, Mario Rizzetto – 1 December 1993 – Eighty patients with chronic hepatitis C who completed a previously reported randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of interferon‐α2b were followed up for at least 36 mo after therapy discontinuation.